Gender Equality as a General Interest of a Pluralistic Society: An Analysis of Constitutional Precedent in Colombia

The article explores the relationship between the legal principles of general interest and gender equality, both consecrated in Colombia's 1991 Constitution. Through an analysis of the precedents set by the Constitutional Court, the article provides a hermeneutical approximation of the behaviour of jurisprudence concerning the general interest. It demonstrates how this principle could be used to foster a more encompassing definition of gender equality. The precedents set by the Constitutional Court have opened up the spectrum of women's rights so as to grasp their relation to the principle of general interest as well as their basis as fundamental rights.     

论我国少数民族地区的犯罪矫正

我国复杂的民族状况决定了对我国少数民族地区犯罪进行矫正的特殊性及难度,对于少数民族地区的犯罪矫正既要考虑到国家法律的一元性,也要考虑到民族民间文化为犯罪矫正提供的多元化进路。不论是精神性矫正模式、社区性矫正模式还是正式性矫正模式,都需要针对少数民族同胞设计具有民族特点的犯罪矫正机制,使犯罪矫正工作在我国的少数民族地区获得更高的质量。     

State engagement with non-state justice: how the experience in Kyrgyzstan can reinforce the need for legitimacy in Afghanistan

Currently there is a question of whether and how Afghanistan should engage non-state councils of elders to resolve disputes. In order to harness their benefits (e.g. efficiency), control their abuses (e.g. occasional controversial resolutions), and stabilize the resolution of disputes, some have argued that formal links should be established between the state judicial system and non-state councils of elders in Afghanistan. Others argue that mere informal links between the two systems should be established. Still others suggest that prior models of state engagement in Afghanistan should be revived. In Kyrgyzstan, just 65 miles north of Afghanistan, the Tsarist, Soviet and post-Soviet administrations have used various methods to engage non-state councils of elders. Despite these vastly different attempts at controlling local dispute resolutions, elders independently resolved disputes outside of Tsarist and Soviet control and continue to resolve disputes outside of post-Soviet state control in Kyrgyzstan. This phenomenon highlights the need for legitimacy in any models of state engagement that are considered for Afghanistan. If, as observed in Kyrgyzstan, people do not use state-sanctioned local councils in Afghanistan, then their purposes may be frustrated. Therefore, in addition to reviewing the experience with state engagement in other parts of the world, policy makers in Afghanistan should also review the historical and contemporary experience with state engagement in Kyrgyzstan. As the need for legitimacy is reconsidered and applied to the design of models for Afghanistan, it may be more likely that those models will be used by more people in Afghanistan and that their purposes will be furthered.     

自治与立法的双重逻辑:法律多元理论视角下的互联网发展——360和腾讯纠纷案引发的思考

360和腾讯纠纷案提供了分析网络立法与网络自治的绝佳样板。网络立法与网络自治的冲突以鲜明方式体现出来,探究两者共存的基础显得必要而紧迫。法律多元理论为两者的协调发展提供了基础。在法律多元理论视角下存在自治与立法的双重逻辑,一是网络立法是优先法益立法,也是有限立法,法益标准的确定是网络立法的前提;二是为解决网络自治与网络立法的现实冲突,部分赋予网络自治规则予以习惯效力,促使网络规则向法律规则的转化,亦是互联网发展的有效途径。但转化过程中应当注意网络自治规则的普适性与实用性,防止垄断性企业对网络自治规则的滥用。     

Political Evangelism

In 2000, UN Security Council Resolution 1325 called for the increased participation of women in formal political processes surrounding violent conflict. However, worldwide, women continue to be a minority in formal politics, particularly in situations of armed violence. Contrary to this trend, women have played an influential role in the Casamance peace process in southern Senegal, where a rebel movement has been fighting for independence since 1982. This article assesses the methodology, constraints and, most importantly, the gendered opportunity structures surrounding the women's peace movement in Casamance. It demonstrates how women participate in the politics of war and peace through an astute manipulation of gendered platforms and a judicious reading of political context, thus propelling their voices into the formal political arena. This case study highlights practical and local approaches to political participation that may be relevant to women around the world.     

服务型行政法:逻辑与构建

服务型政府作为一种新型的政府模式,提出了全新的政府管理理念。行政法必须进行相应的适应性变革。管理论模式、控权论模式及平衡论模式从理念到制度设计都无法适应服务型建设的要求,只有服务型行政法才能担负起服务型政府建设的价值导向与工具服务的作用。必须从服务规范化、民主化、多元化三个方面对行政法进行重新构建。     

中国意识形态领域动向与马克思主义哲学界的责任

改革开放以来,我国意识形态领域日益呈现出一元主导下多元并存的基本格局,这一格局的形成既有广泛的现实原因,也有着深刻的思想文化背景和条件。对此,中国马克思主义哲学界及其工作者需要在正确理解马克思主义哲学,努力推进马克思主义哲学中国化以及深入研究马克思主义意识形态理论等方面肩负起历史性的使命。     

浅议法学方法及其多元化归趋

法学方法是指法律人在从事法学理论研究中为达到法学理论形成所采取的一系列手段、运用一切条件的总和。中国尽管有悠久的历史，但在与西方文明接触之后也显出不足与缺陷，这就是中国缺乏科学进步的分析方法和对研究方法的理性自觉。法学理论与研究方法的特征表现：建立多元、综合、整体性的研究主法是历史的趋势，也是法学家们的必然选择。     

论社会公共事务管理主体的多元化

社会公共事务日益复杂和繁重 ,公共事务管理主体必然走向多元化。从发展趋势来看 ,公民社会将不断壮大和成熟 ,大量公共事务应由社会来自行管理 ,一些特定事务才由政府组织承担。自 1970年代以来 ,与政府 (公域 )、市场 (私域 )相对应的第三部门 (第三域 )在全球迅速壮大发展 ,它为解决政府失灵和市场失灵提供了新的可能 ,成了社会管理与发展的又一基本组织体系。我国自改革开放以来 ,社会中介组织、社区组织、民办非企业组织和其他社会团体迅速发展 ,在社会事务的管理中发挥越来越重要的作用。     

Lingua franca fever: sceptical remarks

The policy push in favour of fostering a global lingua franca has shed overtly imperialistic underpinnings and been recast, but many of the same objections can be levelled at new attempts to justify an old policy. Efforts to explain the impetus towards linguistic uniformity through rational choice theory obscure the power dynamics behind choice of language in multilingual contexts. Invoking democratic engagement as a benefit of uniformity overestimates the role of linguistic diversity as a drag on participation and ignores more important forces. A focus on equality of opportunity and social mobility through lingua franca competence as justification for the policy reveals a shallow conception of equality and underplays the long-term consequences for non-lingua franca communities were equality of opportunity for individuals to be taken seriously. Finally, seeing the justice issues that arise out of competition between languages as one of ensuring adequate compensation to the losers underscores how thin is the conception of equality animating the approach; it purchases an inadequate level of equal opportunity for individuals at the expense of inequality amongst language communities.