论"法德相济"的治国之策

党的十六大把依法治国与以德治国相结合的治国方略写入了现行党章,体现了党在新的历史时期管理国家的治国之策,更加重视对全民道德的培养.在社会主义市场经济条件下,法制建设和道德建设同样重要,二者的结合是兴国之举、利民之策、强国之举、安邦之策.只有德法并举,才能构建一个良好、和谐的社会.     

Character-building and freedom in education

Educators, parents, and policy-makers in the United States, as in other countries, are concerned about the apparent inability of many schools to contribute to the development of character and civic virtue in their pupils. The answer, experience shows, is not for government to require a pedagogy of state-defined character education which, in a pluralistic society, would inevitably create new conflicts. Instead, education policy should take advantage of the growing interest on the part of educators in creating autonomous, distinctive schools, and the continuing interest, on the part of parents, in being able to choose what school their children will attend. Schools which exhibit a distinctive character based upon a shared understanding of the goals of education are effective not only in teaching academics but also in developing positive character traits in their pupils. Charter schools and educational vouchers are two means of encouraging and supporting such coherent schools. The article concludes with a series of policy recommendations designed to balance the autonomy of schools against the need for public accountability. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Leniency Program: A New Tool in Competition Policy to Deter Cartel Activity in Procurement Auctions

This paper discusses the impact of a leniency program on incentives within cartels. The objective of this program is to encourage a cartel member to confess and implicate his co-conspirators with hard evidence about their collusive agreement. We develop a simple model of cartel behavior under a first-price sealed-bid procurement auction and we show how an effective leniency program can prevent the internal coordination of cartel members.     

Gender Mainstreaming Strategies in the E.U.: Delivering on an Agenda?

Recent years have witnessed the emergence of anew policy style within the E.U., characterized by voluntary policy transfer between member states and soft policy instruments including exchange of best practice, targets, benchmarking and national league tables. This article examines how these methods have been used by gender mainstreaming advocates and evaluates the impact of this strategy to-date upon E.U. policy-making procedures and outputs. It is argued that mainstreaming has provided new opportunities for feminists to influence the E.U. policy agenda, but that the impact of mainstreaming varies between sectors and member states. The concluding section considers the implications of E.U. mainstreaming from the perspective of the European Women's Lobby(E.W.L.). This discussion highlights the potential opportunities and risks for feminists of mainstreaming. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Gender mainstreaming and the framing of women's rights in Europe: The contribution of the Council of Europe

Drawing on published materials from the Committee of Ministers, Assembly and expert working groups of the Council of Europe, this paper investigates the distinctive contribution made to the framing of women's rights over the last two decades by this regional organisation, which recent studies of the `Europeanisation' of public policies have largely neglected. Elements of congruence are identified between the major mobilising themes of second wave feminism and the Council's emphasis on protecting individual rights, and its sensitivity to the incompleteness and shortcomings of `actually existing' democratic institutions and practices. The relative openness of its agenda-setting processes is also underlined. The Council's flag ship policies for women are shown to have centred since the mid-1980s on a `politics of presence' frame and the (contested) concept of `parity democracy', and the tensions between these and the more recent turn to gender mainstreaming are explored. But the paper also points to the Council's role in diffusing into the E.U. governance arena women's claims to equal participation and presence in the policy process, and notes recent French and U.K. legislation as testifying to the continuing salience of these claims at the national level. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

远东共和国时期的布里亚特—蒙古人

布里亚特—蒙古人历史上是蒙古族的一支 ,居住在贝加尔湖地区。十月革命波及到布里亚特—蒙古地区 ,192 0年春贝加尔湖以东的布里亚特—蒙古人成为刚刚成立的远东共和国的居民。远东共和国政府执行列宁的民族政策 ,在布里亚特—蒙古人中开展工作 ,挫败了民族上层分子和富农的反革命活动 ,破天荒给布里亚特—蒙古人民族区域自治的权利 ,并在战争的条件下为少数民族劳动人民的生产和生活提供了力所能及的帮助     

政府能力与行政权力关系解析

随着权力在政治生活中的作用渐趋强化 ,公共行政研究的主题从行政权力转换到政府能力。在分别界定政府能力和行政权力的基础上 ,进而提出依法行使公共权力、不断提升政府能力的主张     

开放状态下大学生政治价值观结构形态的定位研究

对开放状态下大学生政治价值观结构形态的定位研究,目前有四种有争议的论点:(１)认为是国家大政治、大背景下的结构形态;(２)认为是大学生的政治情感、政治观念、政治行为的表现形态;(３)认为是政治价值观价值结构的工具性、理论性、终极性价值层面的表现形态;(４)认为是大学生政治人格的表现形态。这四种论点,实际上对应着相关的政治教育模式。各种政治教育模式定位,各有其优势和不足。系统、科学地对大学生政治观结构形态进行定位研究成为目前的理论热点和难点。     

“三个代表“对女性教育的期待

关注弱势群体的女性教育,使女性成为先进文化的载体;全面提高女性教育质量,使女性成为先进生产力和先进文化的推动者;加强女性创新能力的培养,使女性成为先进生产力和先进文化的推动者;加强女性爱国主义教育使女性成为最广大人民利益的代表者.     

Advance price announcements and antitrust policy

This paper analyzes the competitive significance of advance price announcements. In the model, advance price announcements are used by firms to communicate private information on demand or cost. By so sharing the information, the firms are able to set their prices at more profitable levels. When the advance price announcements resolve demand uncertainty, profits rise and consumer surplus falls. Interestingly, when the advance price announcements resolve cost uncertainty, both profits and consumer welfare rise. Finally, we examine U.S. antitrust policy regarding price announcements.