贫富差距的合理性及其限度

贫富差距的合理性具有量和质的双重蕴涵,在量的意义上,这一合理性主要由差距大小,拉距速度的适当性,富裕家庭或人口的相对比重所构成;在质的意义上,则主要表现为致富资源的可选择性,致富手段的正当性,贫富关系的非对抗性,所有这些合理性都是有限度的,这些限度是可以运用一定方法和指标进行测定的,我国贫富差距合理性所面临的主要挑战,是致富手段的非正当性和贫富发展趋向的两极性,应对这一挑战,需要开征遗产税、继承税和赠予税,设立个人收入帐户,实行个人财产申报和个人信用等制度,建立和健全保护劳动合法权益的法律和法规。     

Poverty and Its Possible Cures: Abe Isoo and Kawakami Hajime

This article explores the views of two eminent Meiji intellectuals, Abe Isoo (1865–1949) and Kawakami Hajime (1879–1946), regarding poverty and its possible cures. Both men addressed this subject at a time which saw the rapid development of monopoly capitalism in Japan. Politically, this period was typified by the social and political oppression that followed the Public Order Police Law (1900) and the High Treason Incident (1910). The latter marked the beginning of the “winter” of the socialist movement in Japan. Abe, the father of Japanese socialism, and the younger Kawakami, a bourgeois economist and later a Marxist, were two of the more prominent intellectuals concerned with poverty. This article outlines their thoughts on poverty and its possible cures in the period between 1903 and 1916 as expressed in their most representative works on the issue, Abe’s Saikin no shakai mondai (Current Social Problems), (1915) and Kawakami’s Bimbô monogatari (The Tale of Poverty), (1916).     

高校贫困生隐私权问题探析

在资助高校贫困生的过程中,已经出现侵犯贫困生隐私权的问题.高校贫困生的隐私权与资助人知情权在理论和现实中不可避免地存在冲突.因此,我们必须寻找一条合理的路径应对这种冲突,即采取某些相应措施达到既保障贫困生的隐私权,又能更好地实现对贫困生的资助.     

用邓小平共同富裕思想科学认识当前的贫富差距

邓小平共同富裕思想是我们认识当前贫富差距的根本出发点和理论依据。我国当前的贫富差距总体上看是处于合理差距向过大差距过渡的阶段,还没有达到两极分化程度。但必须采取切实可行的政策和措施,缩小贫富差距,防止两极分化。     

我省企业信用状况及原因分析

河南是中华民族悠久历史文明的发源地。但在市场经济发展过程中出现了诸多制假、造假、设置合同陷阱、逃避债务和社会责任等社会失信现象。这些现象已经危及到河南的信誉和河南经济的正常发展。造成上述现象的原因虽是多方面的,但和企业追求局部利益、国家法制不健全、地方保护等有很大的关系。     

The effects of global crisis on the Albanian economy

East European countries, including Albania aren＇t totally immune from the troubles of the international financial trade, although they will not have direct influence on their finances system. These effects of the global economy crisis have begun to be felt even in Albania. The poor classes will be much more and faster effected from this crisis. This article will treat the effects of the crisis into these classes, and the risks that this crisis brings to their finances. Important factors for this will be the decrease of the monetary incomes in the country, the emigrant remittance and foreign investments decrease and as a result they will influence in a decrease of the income for person in the country, which will have much influence at this level. The intention of the article is to treat the policies that should be taken by the government to protect them. The government of these countries should be concentrated in the social protection of the poor classes and in the ways of overcoming the crisis for them.     

对贫富差距的理性思考

改革开放以来,我国在政治、经济、文化等诸多方面都取得了举世瞩目的伟大成就。事实雄辩地证明了改革开放是决定当代中国命运的关键抉择,方向和道路是完全正确的,成效和功绩不容否定。但是随着改革的深入,出现了许多深层次的矛盾和问题。本文就我国目前存在的贫富差距问题进行了深入思考,分析了贫富差距产生的诸多原因,阐述了对贫富差距的看法以及缓解贫富差距扩大的措施。     

The neglected female unemployment in Sweden during the Great Depression

ABSTRACT

The unemployment statistics of the 1930s’ Great Depression have often been used as a way of estimating the endurance and severity of the economic crisis in different countries. The Swedish unemployment data have, among other things, been used in comparison with the American data to describe the different economic development that these two countries experienced during the twentieth century. Sweden’s ‘work approach’ to unemployment during the Great Depression has also been highlighted in earlier research as an answer to the question of why Sweden managed the Great Depression quite well and was able to kick-start the development of the welfare state. Unfortunately, the official unemployment data mainly covered men; female unemployment has been neglected both in the official records and in earlier research, and the praised ‘work approach’ only targeted male unemployment. In this paper, a new and previously neglected source of unemployment data is brought into the light in the form of poor relief statistics. From this information, a new estimation of the female unemployment during the Great Depression is made, which questions the grand conclusions that have been reached regarding the connections of the crisis and the later welfare state construction.     

高校贫困生心理健康问题探析

本文通过对高校贫困生心理存在的自卑、焦虑、沮丧、文饰、狭隘五个问题,进行分析,找出其受影响的三个因素,即家庭因素、社会因素、个体因素,并提出通过引导、帮助、鼓励的对策来调解贫困生心理问题。     

Who is poor in China? A comparison of alternative approaches to poverty assessment in Rural Yunnan

Despite widespread recognition of the multidimensionality of poverty among social scientists and policymakers, the monetary approach still dominates poverty assessment. However, it is possible that different poverty assessment methodologies identify dissimilar households as poor, leading to disparate policies for poverty reduction. This empirical research applies four approaches to poverty identification to the same population of rural households in Wuding County, Yunnan Province, PRC. These approaches include China's official poverty identification method, participatory poverty assessment (PPA), the monetary approach to poverty assessment, and use of multidimensional poverty indicators (MDI). This study discovered that these four approaches generate different aggregate poverty incidences, identifying different households with distinctly different characteristics as poor. Each approach evaluates different aspects and dimensions, highlighting some characteristics while concealing others. There is very little overlap among the poor households identified by each methodology. This has implications at the conceptual, methodological, and policy levels. The conceptual understanding of poverty should be broadened to include multidimensional and multidisciplinary socioeconomic indicators. Multiple approaches must be applied in order to avoid marginalising some aspects of poverty. Poverty reduction strategies should shift from promoting short-term income-generating activities to a broader combination of strategies that address the inter-linked structural causes of poverty.