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91.
James C. Spilsbury Lara Belliston Dennis Drotar Allyson Drinkard Jeff Kretschmar Rosemary Creeden Daniel J. Flannery Steve Friedman 《Journal of family violence》2007,22(6):487-499
This study assessed the associations of characteristics of domestic violence incidents with clinically significant levels
of traumatic symptoms and behavioral problems in a socio-economically and ethnically mixed sample of 687 children participating
in a community-service program for children witnessing violence. Study predictors included child/family demographic characteristics,
type and chronicity of exposure, and child’s perceptions of control over the event and threat to personal safety. Outcomes
consisted of traumatic symptoms and behavior problems. Results showed that perceived threat and control were associated with
greater odds of clinically significant levels of several trauma symptoms (and behavior problems in the case of perceived threat)
after adjusting for effects of demographic factors and violence characteristics. Child co-victimization increased odds of
reaching clinically significant levels of traumatic symptoms compared to children who witnessed the event but were not victimized.
Female sex and White ethnicity increased odds of specific trauma symptoms and behavior problems. Increasing age reduced odds
of some trauma symptoms. Associations between predictors and one outcome measure did not generalize across the other outcome
measure. Implications of study findings, and directions for future research are discussed. 相似文献
92.
Recent interest in the construct of motivation to change among male perpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV) has led
to development of two self-report measures of this construct: the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment for Domestic
Violence (URICA-DV; Levesque et al. 2000) and the Safe at Home Inventory (SAH; Begun et al. 2003). We examined the internal
structure of these instruments using confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses in a sample of 199 male IPV perpetrators
waiting to begin court-mandated batterer intervention programs. Results indicated that the scales had adequate internal consistency.
However, using confirmatory factor analyses, the hypothesized structural models of each instrument fit the data poorly. Subsequent
models suggested by a series of exploratory factor analyses failed to improve model fit substantially for both scales. For
the URICA-DV, a 3-factor model including items from the Precontemplation, Contemplation, and Action subscales fit the data
adequately. No acceptable model fit could be found for the SAH. Intercorrelations among similar subscales across the two inventories
suggested only a modest degree of intercorrelation (r’s = 0.16–0.52), and a factor structure more dependent on scale of origin than item latent content, suggesting that the scales
assess different facets of the readiness to change construct. These results suggest that before the stages of change construct
can be fully applied to the IPV area, more research and evaluation are needed on how to accurately assess abuser readiness
to change. 相似文献
93.
94.
Police officers served as public health sentinels to collect data on children exposed to domestic violence across an entire
municipality for 1 year. This study extended research by investigating a typology of domestic violence crimes and children’s
direct sensory exposure to these types. Police officers used a standard, validated protocol to collect data on all substantiated
domestic violence. Findings revealed that almost half of all events had children present, and 81% of these children were directly
exposed to the violence. Children under the age of 6 years old were at greater risk of exposure. Identified domestic violence
households with children were more likely to be low-income, non-White, and headed by a single female, compared to households
at large. Cluster analysis revealed seven domestic violence event profiles. Typology showed that children were disproportionately
exposed to the most unstable and dangerous profiles including weapon use, mutual assault, and substance abuse. 相似文献
95.
“人肉搜索”刑事规制正当性思考 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
张兵 《贵州警官职业学院学报》2010,22(2):49-54
已经过去的2008年是中国法治史上不平凡的一年,也是网络文化急剧发展的一年,"人肉搜索"引擎响彻中国。而全国人大代表要求"人肉搜索"入刑化的呼声也惊醒了国人,人们开始对"人肉搜索"现象进行反思,以确保其健康、平稳地发展。 相似文献
96.
This paper sorts to examine the effects of post election violence on education in Kenya, after the presidential election results were disputed over by the two main presidential candidates. The rationale of the paper is due to the fact that among many other aspects of society that were affected in such a case is education. All levels of education were affected, and particularly primary and secondary education could not proceed on schedule as had earlier been planned. Other issues raised in this paper include the trauma experienced by students, loss of parents and guardians among others. The objectives of this paper therefore include: (1) To determine the effects of political violence on the education system in Kenya; (2) To establish the challenges facing students in Kenya after the post election violence; (3) To analyze individual attitudes of students towards the role of education in promoting national unity; (4) To determine how to re-imagine the role of education in promoting peace and peaceful coexistence in Kenya. 相似文献
97.
Our goal in this article is to contribute conceptually and empirically to assessments of the racial invariance hypothesis, which posits that structural disadvantage predicts violent crime in the same way for all racial and ethnic groups. Conceptually, we elucidate the scope of the racial invariance hypothesis and clarify the criteria used for evaluating it. Empirically, we use 1999–2001 averaged arrest data from California and New York to extend analyses of the invariance hypothesis within the context of the scope and definitional issues raised in our conceptual framing—most notably by including Hispanic comparisons with Blacks and Whites, by examining the invariance assumption for homicide as well as the violent crime index, by using discrete as well as composite disadvantage measures, and by using census place localities as the study unit. The mixed findings we report from our comparisons (across Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics; offense types; and type of disadvantage) suggest caution and uncertainty about the notion that structural sources of violence affect racial/ethnic groups in uniform ways. We conclude that the hypothesis should be regarded as provisional, and its scope remains to be established as to whether it applies only under narrow conditions or is a principle of general applicability. 相似文献
98.
In an effort to take positive steps toward coping with problems for families and children created by high levels of separation and divorce, ever increasing civil caseloads and the exposure of children to interparental conflict, court‐affiliated educational programs have emerged in the United States for parents separating from their spouse or partner or going through a divorce. This article will provide an overview of the creation of such programs and their development, which includes a discussion regarding the numerous states currently mandating parents to attend. It will summarize some of the research which has been conducted as to the efficacy of the programs and will provide the results of our nationwide research for each state's parent education status. There is a discussion of domestic violence issues and sensitivities in the context of parent education programs and possible future directions for mandatory parent education. 相似文献
99.
Chantal Bourassa 《Journal of family violence》2007,22(8):691-701
This study analyzed the impact of the co-occurrence of parental and interparental violence on the behavior of adolescents.
Results reveal that the co-occurrence of interparental violence and child physical abuse has a significantly greater negative
impact on behavior than does exposure to interparental violence only. Moreover, participants, who are both abused and exposed
to interparental violence, exhibit internalized and externalized symptoms falling within the clinical range more frequently.
Exposure exclusively to interparental violence also has definite impact; for example, teens who are only exposed to interparental
violence exhibit internalized and externalized symptoms more frequently than do those who have been neither subject to physical
abuse from a parent nor exposed to interparental violence. Implications of the findings are discussed. 相似文献
100.
The paper presents a study conducted among 173 Turkish medical students, which examined their beliefs about wife beating through
a self-administered questionnaire. An integrative conceptual framework was tested as the basis for explaining the students’
beliefs. The results revealed that between 4.5 and 38.7% of the participants justified wife beating, between 3.5 and 5.3%
of them tended to believe that battered women benefit from beating, and between 4.7 and 28.5% of them tended to believe that
battered women are responsible for their beating. In addition, between 68.4 and 90.6% of the students expressed willingness
to help battered women, and although nearly half of them perceived the violent husbands as responsible for their behavior,
only about one-quarter of them supported punishing violent husbands. The results also indicate that significant amounts of
the variance in students’ beliefs about wife beating can be attributed to their patriarchal ideology toward family life and
to their exposure to family violence during childhood and adolescence. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications
of the results for future research, theory development, and training of medical students.
Both authors contributed equally to this paper. The order of the names does not indicate seniority of either author. 相似文献