我国重大灾害救援与重建的举国体制及其评价

减灾防灾的制度安排,决定着灾害救援和重建的成效,也是重大自然灾害应对能力提高的关键。＂举国体制＂是我国抗震救灾可操作性强、反应灵敏、效率高的法宝;举国体制,表现的是一种工作机制,然而体现的更是一种政治实力,它与现行经济、政策有着密切的相互关系。举国体制是被灾害救援与重建过程的实践证明了的、体现中国特色社会主义制度优越性的一种制度安排。     

刑事再审的理念基础及制度重构

刑事再审制度是我国刑事诉讼程序制度的一个重要组成部分,但目前该制度存在违背控审分离原则、职权主义浓厚、再审理由设置不合理、对再审的时间和次数没有限制等问题,因而应当基于控审分离、权利保障和节制国家刑事司法权、有效率的司法公正三大现代诉讼理念重构再审制度。     

法学专业实践教学模式的重构

传统的法学本科教育方法过于偏重知识的传授,对实践能力要求不高,缺乏必要的实践(职业技能)训练,学生的实践能力较弱;法学本科毕业生不能迅速适应法律职业岗位的要求,用人单位往往需要再次教育和培训而增大了用人单位的成本。改革单一的法学专业实习教学模式为多重实践教学方法整合的模式,重构五位一体的实践性教学方法整合的模式,加强实践性教学,对提高法学本科学生的实践能力和创新思维能力具有积极意义。     

无罪推定原则映照下的我国审前羁押制度之重构

无罪推定原则作为现代法治国家普遍遵循的一项公理性原则 ,应当贯穿刑事诉讼的始终。目前 ,学界对该原则的研究主要停留在审判阶段 ;对审前阶段 ,尤其是审前羁押中该原则的价值和意义的研究则较少涉及。本文通过论述无罪推定原则之于审前羁押制度的意义、要求 ,以及在审前羁押制度中 ,无罪推定原则的保障机制 ,映照出了我国审前羁押制度存在的缺憾 ,并对“运动式”的解决不当羁押的效果持谨慎的乐观态度 ,提出了应当以无罪推定原则为指导重构审前羁押制度。     

我国无权处分立法的反思与重构——以我国《合同法》第51条为考察对象

我国《合同法》第51条所确立的无权处分制度,尽管逻辑严谨,但与民法的其他制度产生了冲突,且严重损害了善意相对人的利益。因此,应在尽量不对民法体系“伤筋动骨”的前提下,兼顾逻辑与公平,重建我国的无权处分制度。     

Current state and progress of research on forensic biomechanics in China

Forensic biomechanics gradually has become a significant component of forensic science. Forensic biomechanics is evidence-based science that applies biomechanical principles and methods to forensic practice, which has constituted one of the most potential research areas. In this review, we introduce how finite element techniques can be used to simulate forensic cases, how injury criteria and injury scales can be used to describe injury severity, and how tests of postmortem human subjects and dummy can be used to provide essential validation data. This review also describes research progress and new applications of forensic biomechanics in China.

Key points

• The review shows the main research progress and new applications of forensic biomechanics in China.
• The review introduces eight cases about the application of forensic biomechanics, including the multiple rigid body reconstruction, the finite element applications, study of mechanical properties, traffic crash reconstruction based on multiple techniques and analysis of morphomechanical mechanism about blood dispersal.
• Though forensic biomechanics has a great advantage for the evaluation of injury mechanisms, it still has some uncertainties owing to the uniqueness of the human anatomy, the complexity of biological materials, and the uncertainty of injury-causing circumstances.

     

国民性格的改造与重建--20世纪文学主题综论

国民性格的改造与重建作为20世纪中国文学一个最重要的思想主题,既包含了对特定社会历史条件下人性扭曲病因的反思追问,又包含了对人性健康发展的祈盼和对理想国民性格的重建,由此衍生出现当代小说揭示批判国民劣根性与发掘颂赞民族性格优良美质的两种思想意向.     

Reconstruction of Criminal Defense System from the Field of "Trial-Centered" Litigation System Reform

The “trial-centered” litigation system reform, as a major task of China’s judicial reform, has drawn much attention due to its protection of the legitimate rights and interests of citizens as well as the maintenance of judicial fairness and authority. In the new-era background, the reform of the “trial-centered” litigation system will inevitably set new requirements on the litigation function, litigation structure and the judicial system as well. The perfection and reconstruction of the criminal defense system, as an indispensable part of the reform, is doomed to be an essential requirement concerning the realization of “trial-centered”. In a word, to perfect the criminal defense system is to reconstruct the lawyer defense system on the basis of a deep understanding of the connotation as “trial-centered”. To be specific, it refers to the following four aspects in the new judicial field as the full coverage of judicial field, the integration of configuration mode, the protection of subjective rights as well as the substantiation of functional effectiveness.     

Mouth Width and Cupid’s Bow Estimation in a Southern African Population

Standards for estimating mouth width and Cupid’s bow width in craniofacial approximation and superimposition are limited. Currently, the only guideline for mouth width, using direct skeletal references, is a general rule indicating a 75% inter-canine to mouth width ratio. The philtrum, which closely corresponds to the Cupid’s bow, is said to be equal to the inter-superior prominences of the maxillary central incisors. This study tested these guidelines against newly generated regression models and mean values. Cone-beam CT scans of 120 black and 39 white southern African adults were used. Comparative hard and soft tissue measurements were taken using a 3D DICOM viewer. Regression equations accounting population, sex, and approximate age variables (20–39 and 40+ years), utilizing maxillary inter-canine width to estimate mouth width and maxillary central–lateral incisor junction width to estimate Cupid’s bow width, performed statistically best. The regression models were more reliable than existing standards in validation tests.     

An Overview of 3D Printing in Forensic Science: The Tangible Third-Dimension

There has been a rapid development and utilization of three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies in engineering, health care, and dentistry. Like many technologies in overlapping disciplines, these techniques have proved to be useful and hence incorporated into the forensic sciences. Therefore, this paper describes how the potential of using 3D printing is being recognized within the various sub-disciplines of forensic science and suggests areas for future applications. For instance, the application can create a permanent record of an object or scene that can be used as demonstrative evidence, preserving the integrity of the actual object or scene. Likewise, 3D printing can help with the visualization of evidential spatial relationships within a scene and increase the understanding of complex terminology within a courtroom. However, while the application of 3D printing to forensic science is beneficial, currently there is limited research demonstrated in the literature and a lack of reporting skewing the visibility of the applications. Therefore, this article highlights the need to create good practice for 3D printing across the forensic science process, the need to develop accurate and admissible 3D printed models while exploring the techniques, accuracy and bias within the courtroom, and calls for the alignment of future research and agendas perhaps in the form of a specialist working group.