Mouth Width and Cupid’s Bow Estimation in a Southern African Population

Standards for estimating mouth width and Cupid’s bow width in craniofacial approximation and superimposition are limited. Currently, the only guideline for mouth width, using direct skeletal references, is a general rule indicating a 75% inter-canine to mouth width ratio. The philtrum, which closely corresponds to the Cupid’s bow, is said to be equal to the inter-superior prominences of the maxillary central incisors. This study tested these guidelines against newly generated regression models and mean values. Cone-beam CT scans of 120 black and 39 white southern African adults were used. Comparative hard and soft tissue measurements were taken using a 3D DICOM viewer. Regression equations accounting population, sex, and approximate age variables (20–39 and 40+ years), utilizing maxillary inter-canine width to estimate mouth width and maxillary central–lateral incisor junction width to estimate Cupid’s bow width, performed statistically best. The regression models were more reliable than existing standards in validation tests.     

An Overview of 3D Printing in Forensic Science: The Tangible Third-Dimension

There has been a rapid development and utilization of three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies in engineering, health care, and dentistry. Like many technologies in overlapping disciplines, these techniques have proved to be useful and hence incorporated into the forensic sciences. Therefore, this paper describes how the potential of using 3D printing is being recognized within the various sub-disciplines of forensic science and suggests areas for future applications. For instance, the application can create a permanent record of an object or scene that can be used as demonstrative evidence, preserving the integrity of the actual object or scene. Likewise, 3D printing can help with the visualization of evidential spatial relationships within a scene and increase the understanding of complex terminology within a courtroom. However, while the application of 3D printing to forensic science is beneficial, currently there is limited research demonstrated in the literature and a lack of reporting skewing the visibility of the applications. Therefore, this article highlights the need to create good practice for 3D printing across the forensic science process, the need to develop accurate and admissible 3D printed models while exploring the techniques, accuracy and bias within the courtroom, and calls for the alignment of future research and agendas perhaps in the form of a specialist working group.     

Geomatic techniques in forensic science: A review

The purpose of this review paper is to highlight various geomatic techniques that crime scene reconstructionists or forensic practitioners can use to document different kinds of scenes, highlighting the advantages, disadvantages, and when best to use each technology. This paper explores geomatic techniques such as a total station, photogrammetry, laser scanners and structured light scanners and how they can be used to reconstruct crime scenes. The goal of this paper is not to discredit manual methods, as they are long standing and reliable, but instead to shed light on alternative methods that may produce equally or more accurate results with a more visually appealing final product. It is important for law enforcement and forensic professionals to understand the advantages and disadvantages of each technique, knowing when certain techniques should be used (and when they should not), and being able to revert to traditional methods if required.     

论新农村建设中乡镇政府公共服务职能重构的实现途径

乡镇政府虽然是当前国家行政体系中的最低一级政权组织，却承担着规划和组织乡村公共设施、公益事业的建设、为农村提供公共产品和公共服务的重要责任，其履行职责状况直接关系到农村的稳定和发展．对整个国家和社会有重大影响。随着社会主义市场经济的逐步建立和农村城市化进程的加快。乡镇政府的职能虽然有了很大程度上的转变，但在社会转型期，乡镇政府运行模式仍然存在着“越位”、“缺位”和“错位”现象。本文通过对乡镇政府进行职能解析，分析其在公共服务方面面临的问题，提出以公共服务为取向的乡镇政府职能重构的对策．希望对社会主义新农村建设和公共服务型政府建设有所助益。     

论重塑我国检察机关在行政诉讼中的地位

当前,人民检察院在我国行政诉讼中的法律地位十分尴尬。检察机关有权对行政诉讼实行法律监督,是我国行政诉讼法所确定的一项基本原则,但这一原则目前在实践中面临着一系列的困难和问题。为适应行政诉讼制度改革的需要,必须重塑检察机关在行政诉讼中的地位,以确保检察监督原则在制度上得以落实和保障。加强诉讼监督和提起行政公益诉讼是解决此问题的两种有效途径。     

宁夏中部干旱带的生态重建及启示

生态重建必然伴随着人的价值观念的转变，人对自身价值的认识水平决定了人对自然物价值的认识程度。只有自然资源的价值得到真正体现，环境问题才有可能得到根本解决。     

中国古代法秩序的形成、演变及重构

中国古代的法秩序是建立在纠纷解决机制下的,且具有独特的内涵,这种法秩序的形成归因于古代社会的独特条件,如人员的非流动性、乡绅的独特作用等。但古代社会形成的法秩序面临着解决现代社会纠纷的巨大压力,显示出不相适应性,只有对古代法秩序进行重构,才能解决现代社会纠纷,适应法治社会需要。     

生态本位与行政法基本理念之重构

行政法的现代性转型不仅要求其在处理人与人的关系方面从传统的规范—价值体系向现代法治型的规范—价值体系转变,而且要求其在处理人与自然的关系方面也同如此。而如何做到这一点,我们认为必须对行政法的基本理念的范畴进行重新建构,把法的生态性理念引入行政法的基本理念的范畴,并把这一理念落实到行政法的法律条文之中使我国的行政法不仅充分体现,“以人为本”,而且足够的体现对生态自然的关怀和呵护。     

适应“入世”新形势 重构我国外资法

随着社会主义市场经济的建立和改革开放的深入,尤其世界贸易组织体系下与贸易相关的投资措施的制度的确立,使得我国原本就显得落后,难以适应社会主义市场经济新形势的外资法面临更加严峻的挑战和冲击,重构我国外资法律体系已经显得十分迫切.为适应"入世"新形势,应当建立以市场经济为基础、以资本运行和管理为主导的立法模式,新的外资法体系应当是包括统一外资法、企业组织法、部门产业政策法及相关配套法律的完整体系.     

刑事自诉制度重构刍议

目前的刑事自诉制度是随着新的《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》的颁布而建立起来的。应当说 ,中国的刑事自诉制度的立法初衷是美好的 ,但是在具体的司法实践操作中 ,这种制度已日见其弊端 ,而产生这些问题的根源在于司法权力的不合理分配。要解决司法权力的合理分配问题 ,在于加强检察机关由法律所赋予的各项职能 ,而这一点正是重新构筑新的刑事自诉制度的关键。