完善城市房屋拆迁立法的建议

我国城市房屋拆迁的现行立法中,存在商业性与公益性不分、下位法与上位法相矛盾、政府角色越位、拆迁程序倒置等缺陷。相关执法中也存在重公法轻私法、重下位法轻上位法、司法救济渠道不畅等不足。城市房屋拆迁的立法完善,应从"破"和"立"两方面,把握以下要点:严格界定公益性与商业性拆迁、尽快出台土地征用法;政府从商业性拆迁物权贸易领域退出,并完善公共管理职能;程序上遵循先足额补偿,后发放拆房许可证等。应有过渡性措施安排。     

论再审程序应体现司法效率原则

公正与效率是21世纪司法工作的主题,再审程序亦应体现客观公正与司法效率统筹兼顾的原则.我国民事诉讼法确立的再审制度,对于申诉、申请再审和启动再审程序的主体、时限、次数、审级、条件等没有实质性的限制.导致无限申诉、无限再审的情况普遍存在,影响了司法效率.依据效率原则,应确立以当事人申请再审为基础的启动再审途径,实行一次再审终局制度,并对启动再审的时限、审级作出限制.     

企业家才能在国企重组中的作用

我国国有企业的经营绩效主要并不是来源于产权改革或私有化经济体制 ,而是更多的依赖于国企领导人的企业家才能发挥。在我国现阶段的国有企业重组过程中 ,国企经理人既要能够拥有协调企业与政府关系的能力 ,又要有企业经营能力。对国企经理人的企业家才能发挥应有控制权回报和明晰的产权激励 ,以及对企业家才能正确合理的评价。     

军事法官的角色冲突与重构

从理论和现实角度考察, 把我国军事法院专职审判人员的称谓统一为“军事法官”是合适的。在我国现行军事司法体制下, 军事法官受到了公正法律世界、军队政治机关、军事社区文化三种权威的制约,相应地存在着理性人、社会人、经验人三重角色的分离。军事法官处理个案无异于在上述三种角色期待之间调和冲突并寻求最佳位置。我国军事诉讼立法资源稀薄, 军事审判适用规范庞杂, 军事司法的相对独立性得不到应有的尊重, 导致军事法官的角色定位与行为模式选择很难满足司法公正的内在要求。因此, 有必要调整军事司法机关的归属地位, 改革军事法院内部管理体制和工作程序, 提高军事法官的综合素质, 加快军事诉讼立法步伐。     

民族旅游与族群认同、传统文化复兴及重建--云南民族旅游开发中的"族群"及其应用泛化的检讨

民族旅游在云南旅游中占有越来越重要的地位。云南各少数民族在旅游开发的特定场景中 ,族群意识借助于民族身份的再认同被强化 ,甚至比以往更强烈 ,并在与民族旅游发展的互动中不断传承、延续、发展。在这一过程中 ,云南的民族旅游推动着各少数民族传统文化的复兴和民族身份、民族精神的再建构得以不断展现 ,而且为族群文化的复制、再造和再生产提供了前所未有的场景和舞台。     

Facial Soft Tissue Depth Measurement: Validation of the 75‐Shormax

The shorth and 75‐shormax were recently posited as an improved alternative to the arithmetic mean for describing facial soft tissue thicknesses in craniofacial identification. The shorth better estimates the data peak, while the 75‐shormax provides improved provisions for a long right tail. When first proposed, the 75‐shormax was subjectively gauged. Herein, shormax errors are calculated at every whole percentile to quantitatively determine zones of error minimization in two large samples: (a) CT data of French adults, n‐range = 211–469 individuals; and (b) all C‐Table data, n‐range = 60–1065 individuals [including part but not all of sample (a)]. The smallest residuals were found at the 79th percentile (mean of raw residuals) and the 74th percentile (mean of absolute residuals). The 75‐shormax is subsequently verified as good error minimizer since the absolute differences carry the greatest weight and the 74th percentile closely approximates the 75th percentile.     

Forensic Archaeological Recovery of a Large‐Scale Mass Disaster Scene: Lessons Learned from Two Complex Recovery Operations at the World Trade Center Site

In 2006, unexpected discoveries of buried World Trade Center (WTC) debris and human remains were made at the World Trade Center mass disaster site. New York City's Office of Chief Medical Examiner (OCME) was given the task of systematically searching the site for any remaining victims' remains. The subsequent OCME assessment and archaeological excavation conducted from 2006 until 2013, resulted in the recovery of over 1,900 victims' remains. In addition, this operation demonstrated the essential skills archaeologists can provide in a mass disaster recovery operation. The OCME excavation data illustrates some of the challenges encountered during the original recovery effort of 2001/2002. It suggests that when understood within the larger site recovery context, certain fundamental components of the original recovery effort, such as operational priorities and activities in effect during the original recovery, directly or indirectly resulted in unsearched deposits that contained human remains.     

Form follows function: Applying photographic content analysis to forensic firearm identification

Drawing forensic conclusions from an image or a video is known as “photographic content analysis.” It involves the analysis of an image, as well as objects, actions, and events depicted in images or video. In recent years, photographic depictions of objects suspected as illegal firearms have substantially increased, appearing on CCTV surveillance footage, captured by mobile phones and shared on social media. However, the law in Israel states that a person can be charged with illegally possessing a firearm only if it can be proven that the object is capable of shooting with lethal bullet energy. This becomes more challenging in cases where the firearm was not physically seized, and the evidence exclusively consists of images and video. In this study, photographic content analysis was applied to images and video where objects suspected as commercial or improvised firearms had been depicted. An image and event sequence reconstruction video databases of both firearms and replicas were created in order to better define firearm-specific functional morphological features. We demonstrate that it is possible to classify an object as a firearm by analyzing the functional, and not only the esthetic, morphology in images and video. It is also shown that event sequence reconstruction in video may be used to infer that an object suspected as a firearm has the capacity to shoot by confirming the occurrence of a shooting act or shooting process. Thus, photographic content analysis may be used to forensically establish that an object depicted in an image or a video is a firearm by ruling out other known scenarios, and without physically seizing it.     

The effects of certain intermediary target materials and their proximity to ballistic gelatin on jacketed hollow point bullet expansion

Expanding bullets are preferred by law enforcement because of their wounding potential and ability to avoid over-penetration which could result in unintended targets being struck by bullets that perforate their intended targets. Expansion failure for jacketed hollow point (JHP) bullets is commonly attributed to several causes including damage to the bullet's cavity, velocity loss, bullet destabilization and materials from intermediate targets filling the bullet's cavity which can cause expansion failure when the bullet subsequently impacts a soft, fluid-based target such as human tissue or ballistic gelatin. In this study, JHP bullets were fired into ballistic gelatin after passing through selected intermediate targets representing items common to shooting incidents. Velocity loss and bullet destabilization were not factors that contributed to the JHP bullets that experienced expansion failure; however, materials obstructing the bullets' cavities and damage to the bullets' cavities were considered causes for some of the JHP bullet expansion failures. It was determined through this research that most of the target materials caused JHP bullet expansion failure when shored against the ballistic gelatin, but when placed at distances of 7 ft. from the ballistic gelatin, bullets fired through the same target materials did expand. This original and unique study produced findings that are of significant value to shooting incident reconstruction experts and other forensic professionals as shooting incidents can call into question a victim's proximity to a wall or door when a bullet(s) perforated such a target material.     

基于特征轮廓线的三维颅骨配准方法

目的针对三维颅骨模型在初始姿态和分辨率上差异较大的情况,提出一种基于特征轮廓线的颅骨配准方法。方法首先,提取三维颅骨模型的眼眶、鼻框、颞骨、上颌骨以及下颌骨等轮廓线;然后,根据轮廓线的长度以及轮廓间的最短距离判断轮廓线的类型,并建立两个待配准颅骨在轮廓线上的对应关系,从而实现颅骨的粗配准;最后,通过添加权值的方式来改进迭代最近点(iterative closest point,ICP)算法,并采用该改进的ICP算法实现颅骨的细配准,从而达到两个颅骨精确配准的目的。结果通过将一个未知颅骨与颅骨数据库中的300个颅骨的配准实验表明,提出的基于特征轮廓线的配准算法可以实现三维颅骨模型的精确配准,并在细配准阶段取得了较高的配准精度和收敛速度。结论基于特征轮廓线的配准算法是一种快速、高精度的三维颅骨模型配准方法。