Entre massacre et lutte antiterroriste: l’armée malienne à l’épreuve du feu

RÉSUMÉ

Sept ans après sa déroute dans le nord du Mali face aux combattants du Mouvement national de libération de l’Azawad (MNLA), l’armée malienne se reconstruit difficilement. Les résultats des importants moyens mis en ?uvre pour lui permettre d’assumer ses missions sont pour l’heure peu probants. Les objectifs recherchés, tant en matière d’efficacité opérationnelle que de respect des droits humains, sont loin d’avoir été accomplis. Plus que la guerre dans le nord, le conflit multiforme qui secoue le centre du Mali illustre cet échec relatif.     

A formal model for event reconstruction in digital forensic investigation

Event reconstruction is an important phase in digital forensic investigation, which determines what happened during the incident. The digital investigator uses the findings of this phase to prepare reports for the court. Since the results must be reproducible and verifiable, it is necessary that the event reconstruction methods be rigorous and strict. In order to fulfill the legal requirements, this study proposes an event reconstruction framework which is based on the formal mathematical methods. In particular, it uses the temporal logic model checking that is an automatic verification technique. The idea is that the system under investigation is modeled as a transition system. Then the digital forensic property is specified using the modal μ-calculus. Finally, a model checking algorithm verifies whether the transition system meets the property. In order to demonstrate the proposed formal event reconstruction framework, an abstract model of the FAT file system is presented and some digital forensic properties are formulated. A big problem in model checking is the so-called state space explosion. This study addresses this problem and suggests some solutions to it. Finally, the proposed framework is applied to a case study to demonstrate how some hypotheses can be proved or refuted.     

犯罪现场重建起止问题研究

现场重建作为全面再现案件经过的科学方法,在揭露和查明犯罪,排除犯罪嫌疑,保证侦查准确性和保障人权方面具有优势。因此愈来愈受到相关部门的重视。相比西方国家发达的犯罪现场重建理论和技术,我国犯罪现场重建仍属于起步阶段,有关概念问题仍存在争议。文中就犯罪现场概念问题以及犯罪现场重建的启动和结束等相关问题进行了初步的探讨。     

Anatomical Placement of the Human Eyeball in the Orbit-Validation Using CT Scans of Living Adults and Prediction for Facial Approximation*

Abstract: Accuracy of forensic facial approximation and superimposition techniques relies on the knowledge of anatomical correlations between soft and hard tissues. Recent studies by Stephan and collaborators (6,8,10) reviewed traditional guidelines leading to a wrong placement of the eyeball in the orbit. As those statements are based on a small cadaver sample, we propose a validation of these findings on a large database (n = 375) of living people. Computed tomography scans of known age and sex subjects were used to collect landmarks on three‐dimensional surfaces and DICOM with TIVMI. Results confirmed a more superior and lateral position of the eyeball relatively to the orbital rims. Orbital height and breadth were used to compute regression formulae and proportional placement using percentages to find the most probable position of the eyeball in the orbit. A size‐related sexual dimorphism was present but did not impact on the prediction accuracy.     

电子警务发展与警务流程再造

我国电子警务的信息基础结构建设已形成一定规模,电子警务的体系结构和工作模式基本形成。在企业业务流程再造、政府政务流程再造的背景下,警务流程再造是电子警务发展的核心内容。     

Facial Soft Tissue Thickness Database for Craniofacial Reconstruction in Korean Adults

Abstract: One hundred Korean adults (50 men, 50 women) were scanned in the upright position using a cone‐beam CT (CBCT) scanner. The soft tissue (ST) thicknesses were measured at 31 landmarks, 10 midline and 21 bilateral landmark sites, and the means and standard deviations were obtained for male and female subjects. While 18 of 31 landmarks showed sex differences, the majority showed higher values for male subjects with the exception of a few landmark sites corresponding to the zygoma area, which showed smaller values in men than in women. The mandibular area showed greater differences between the right and left sides. Overall, the ST thickness measurements obtained in this study can be used as a database for the forensic craniofacial reconstruction of Korean adult faces.     

公德缺失和公德重建的社会心理分析——北京市民社会公德调查的思考

文章在对北京市民的公德状况进行调查的基础上,对市民公德缺失的社会心理原因和社会公德重建的社会心理基础进行了分析,提出目前社会公德缺失的主要原因,同时指出传统文化中对个人修养的强调和现代公共精神的日益成长等因素是现阶段社会公德建立的社会心理基础,并对社会公德建设提出了相关建议。     

Interpretation of automotive light bulb examination results: an intriguing case

During the examination of light bulbs from a vehicle involved in a road accident, the headlights did not reveal any evidence regarding whether they were energized or not. Additionally, a police officer turned the lights on after the accident to verify their functioning, thus damaging some of the evidence. By examining the vehicle, it was determined that the park lights could provide answers regarding the conditions of the headlights. After observations, it was concluded that the park lights and headlights were off at the time of the impact. This case report demonstrates how important it is to integrate the circumstances surrounding the case into the interpretation of the results. Nevertheless, it also demonstrates the necessity for examining both the vehicle and all light bulbs in order to reach the most pertinent and proper conclusion.     

Application of 3D documentation and geometric reconstruction methods in traffic accident analysis: with high resolution surface scanning, radiological MSCT/MRI scanning and real data based animation

The examination of traffic accidents is daily routine in forensic medicine. An important question in the analysis of the victims of traffic accidents, for example in collisions between motor vehicles and pedestrians or cyclists, is the situation of the impact. Apart from forensic medical examinations (external examination and autopsy), three-dimensional technologies and methods are gaining importance in forensic investigations. Besides the post-mortem multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the documentation and analysis of internal findings, highly precise 3D surface scanning is employed for the documentation of the external body findings and of injury-inflicting instruments. The correlation of injuries of the body to the injury-inflicting object and the accident mechanism are of great importance. The applied methods include documentation of the external and internal body and the involved vehicles and inflicting tools as well as the analysis of the acquired data. The body surface and the accident vehicles with their damages were digitized by 3D surface scanning. For the internal findings of the body, post-mortem MSCT and MRI were used. The analysis included the processing of the obtained data to 3D models, determination of the driving direction of the vehicle, correlation of injuries to the vehicle damages, geometric determination of the impact situation and evaluation of further findings of the accident. In the following article, the benefits of the 3D documentation and computer-assisted, drawn-to-scale 3D comparisons of the relevant injuries with the damages to the vehicle in the analysis of the course of accidents, especially with regard to the impact situation, are shown on two examined cases.     

螺旋CT三维重建在肋骨骨折法医临床鉴定中的应用

目的探讨螺旋CT三维重建评价肋骨骨折在法医临床中应用价值。方法收集肋骨骨折35例,分别采用X线摄片、CT扫描及螺旋CT三维重建检查。结论35例检查都取得清晰的立体图像,且可以消除周围组织结构,单独观察肋骨骨折情况。结果:螺旋CT三维重建在肋骨骨折的诊断、法医临床学中有较高的价值。