关联与互动：心理学研究方法的文化品性探新

心理学研究方法是心理学研究中的重要问题.长期以来,心理学家一直关注和强调心理学研究方法的工具属性,仅仅将其视为达成心理学研究的工具或者手段,这严重地窄化和局限了对心理学研究方法的理解和认识,也会影响和局限到对心理学的认识.事实上,在心理学研究方法与文化传统和社会现实之间,还存在着更深层次的关联和互动.心理学研究方法除了具有作为技术支撑的工具属性以外,其文化品质还应该从与文化传统和社会现实的关联和互动中,获得对研究方法全面而又深刻的认识和理解.     

论舆论市场中的公共新闻——兼论公共新闻对我国新闻改革的借鉴意义

公共新闻(或称公民新闻)在美国的兴起,引起国内学者的关注.公共新闻活动与以往最大的不同之处是同城媒介联合行动,共同设置话题,直接介入公共事务,试图解决公众关注的公共问题.公共新闻活动是对此前所有新闻学、传播学、舆论学和社会学理论的巨大冲击.它的实践和理论对于我国新闻媒介的改革具有现实借鉴意义.本文从公共新闻与舆论市场、与媒介议程设置、与我国媒介改革诸方面对公共新闻实践和理论的影响和可借鉴之处作了理论上的探讨,并从国家民族利益角度提出了应对策略.     

会话中话题转换的关联性解释

本文旨在从认知语用学的角度,运用关联理论对会话中话题转换现象的理解过程进行分析.分析表明:话题转换的“不关联“是存在于语义层次上的,而在语用层次上,话题转换的两个话题之间存在最佳关联.这种关联性不取决于建立在话语语言意义上的前提,而存在于明示交际行为本身.     

Dyadic Effects,Relevance, and the Empirical Assessment of the Kantian Peace

Dyadic effects to a large extent account for the difficulty of explaining and predicting international conflict. In this study, I derive a statistical model to estimate unobserved dyadic effects in the dyadic analysis of conflict. The proposed model employs a hierarchical modeling approach to estimate dyadic effects, thereby avoiding the problems caused by the use of fixed effects models. Furthermore, it simultaneously addresses the important sample selection issue of identifying relevant dyads. I show that the estimation of dyadic effects significantly improves the model fit and generates several interesting findings. Substantively, this study makes an important contribution to the empirical evaluation of the Kantian peace. It argues that international organizations increase the likelihood of conflict of interest between member states but reduce the probability of militarized conflict. I demonstrate that the positive coefficient of international organizations in Oneal and Russett (1999) is biased in the positive direction. When the proposed statistical model is used, international organizations, together with trade and democracy, reduce the probability of conflict.     

The political process of Boko Haram insurgency onset: a political relevance model

ABSTRACT

As more data emerges on the Boko Haram phenomenon, the controversy over the roots of the insurgency persists. While some emphasise transnational motivational factors based on the Salafist ideology, others focus on diverse local structural factors, including the economy, religion, and politics. Although this article acknowledges the importance of these factors, it argues that these are ubiquitous contextual factors which insufficiently explain the location and timing of the insurgency. By introducing the Political Relevance Model, this article theorises the insurgency onset by focusing on the agency of the local political elites and their relationship with the sect. It finds that the insurgency is rooted in an initial mutually beneficial relationship between the local political elites and a politically relevant group that turned sour, resulting in the attempt by the elites to withdraw the group’s earlier privileges using state coercion which the group frames as state repression requiring violent resistance. These agents have, in their interest, framed this struggle to resonate with the people.     

Turning off jail turnover: do generational differences matter?

Reducing turnover in America’s jails is a significant fiscal concern and a serious organizational challenge. When determining how to improve retention, the private sector has been influenced by the literature on generational relevance. To explore whether similar cohort-driven motivators might be productively directed toward reducing jail turnover, the application of generational relevance theory to jails was empirically tested. To assess the impact of retention-related variables on various age cohorts working in America’s jails, a national survey was administered to jail staff throughout the country. Results indicate that less than half of the variables included in the analysis reached levels of statistical significance when analyzed by generational cohorts, and even among significant variables, over one-third were age-driven by nature. Although the findings do little to advance the cause of generational relevance theory, they are not without merit for jail administrators seeking to reduce turnover, pointing toward the universal appeal such intrinsic factors as treating people fairly, creating a positive work climate, and assuring that employees are listened to, have input, and are recognized, respected, and appreciated. Essentially, results indicate that reducing jail turnover is more likely to be a product of initiatives that are generically requisite than generationally relevant.     

中国倡导国际关系民主化的重大战略意义

经济全球化和世界多极化发展，呼唤和催生国际关系民主化，同时，实现国际关系民主化也是当前大多数国家在国际关系中追求的价值取向。当前影响和平与发展的不确定因素依然存在，要从根本上解决这些问题必须通过实现国际关系民主化这一途径来加以解决。实现国际关系民主化目标是一个长期的渐进过程，应该从道义和舆论、双边或多边外交关系和国际制度建设三个层面加以推进。这一思想无论是在理论领域丰富和发展中国国际战略思想，还是在维护世界和平、促进发展、提高中国的国际地位、改善和发展我国的对外关系等实践中都具有非常重要的战略意义。     

侵权法上因果关系研究

侵权法上的因果关系是民事责任构成要件之一,对于确定民事责任具有不可替代的作用。但因果关系又是多年来一直困扰学者们的一个难题。因果关系的哲学基础与侵权行为法上的因果关系在目的上和范围上都是不同的;因果关系中的原因是违法行为还是过错、还是加害行为,是学者们一直在探讨而且远远没有解决的问题;在因与果的关联性方面,相当因果关系比必然因果关系更为合理,但也不能完全解决个案中因果关系的判断问题。     

我国证据关联性规则的立法现状及其完善

关联性规则是一项基础性证据规则,在证据规则中处于十分重要的地位。虽然我国刑事诉讼立法及相关的司法解释中已经体现了证据的关联性规则,但还有必要借鉴国外经验制定较为系统和成熟的证据关联性规则,以完善刑事诉讼证据制度,保证诉讼公正、提高诉讼效率。     

广告翻译的最佳关联策略

广告翻译涉及诸多因素,当前的广告翻译存在不尽如人意之处,尤其没有一个统一的广告翻译标准来指导翻译实践。广告翻译有必要寻求自身的理论依据,制定符合自身的翻译原则和标准。Sperber ＆ Wilson的关联理论填补了这一空缺。语言交际实际上是一个明示一推理过程,其核心就是寻求最佳关联。广告以及广告翻译都是人类的交际行为。广告翻译的核心就是译者在翻译的过程中掌握好最佳关联策略,即译文与译文读者之间存在的最佳关联性。