贵州乌蒙山区扶贫搬迁户可持续生计问题研究

易地扶贫搬迁作为“五个一批”精准扶贫工程之一,是新时期推进精准扶贫、实现精准脱贫的重要路径。随着搬迁户的入住,如何让搬迁户“稳得住、能脱贫”成为精准扶贫战略实施的关键。本课题试图针对贵州乌蒙山区易地扶贫搬迁户生存状态的前后比较,在“可持续生计理论框架”下,通过实地调查,分析搬迁户生计资本结构优化面临的突出问题及其影响因素,进而寻求解决搬迁户可持续生计问题的一些有效途径。     

关于强制拆迁问题的思考——以执法为民理念为核心视角

我国现阶段拆迁实践中,由于行政强制拆迁引发的强拆事件居多,成了影响和谐社会建设的一大难题。强拆事件的出现,既有制度的原因,更有理念的影响,因此要解决强拆冲突,除了应规范政府职能、以司法强拆取代行政强拆、实现补偿标准的市场化、严惩非法拆迁行为外,执法为民理念的强化尤为重要。     

Immigration and Posttraumatic Growth-A Missing Link

Abstract

This paper applies contemporary conceptual models and empirical knowledge about posttraumatic growth to the experience of immigration. Current models and knowledge about potential positive effects and personal growth in the aftermath of trauma are reviewed and their relevance to immigration is discussed and illustrated, challenging the exclusive focus in the existing immigration literature on the hardships of relocation and their negative effects. Implications for clinical intervention are offered.     

论国企冗员分流模式及政府在分流中的作用

国有企业冗页分流模式有很多 ,根本经验是人负重组与资产重组同时运转 ,才能产生综合效益。分流离不开政府与社会的政策、资金和公共服务支持。     

Forced displacements in mining communities: politics in Chiadzwa diamond area,Zimbabwe

ABSTRACT

The Chiadzwa diamonds attracted widespread attention due to human rights violations and illegal smuggling. When diamonds were discovered in 2006, thousands of artisanal miners descended on the diamond fields. In response, the government unleashed the army and police in brutal crackdowns to drive artisanal miners off the diamond fields. This militarisation of diamond fields and extraction was followed by forced displacement of the Chiadzwa people. This article examines the lived, everyday experiences of the displaced Chiadzwa people. Findings reveal that displacements dislocated the livelihoods and socialities of the people. Displacements also exacerbated people's vulnerability to livelihood shocks, insecurity, and poverty. In relocating people the government adopted a ‘top-down’ approach which triggered contestations and conflicts with the people who felt alienated from their ancestral land and excluded from diamond wealth. Consequently, sabotage, resistance and subversion were commonplace in the relocation process. These socio-political ‘tactics’ should be viewed as ‘weapons of the weak’.     

生产—生活共同体与易地扶贫搬迁的后续帮扶——基于秦巴山区H县“138模式”的分析

“搬得出”“稳得住”“能致富”共同构成易地扶贫搬迁的政策目标。在政策支持下，易地扶贫搬迁基本完成“搬得出”的阶段性任务，但就可持续发展而言，“稳得住”“能致富”更为重要。以陕南秦巴山区H县“138模式”为案例，本文将搬迁户的经济生产、社区生活整合进“生产—生活共同体”的框架内，总结易地扶贫搬迁后续帮扶的微观机制。研究发现，党建引领提供了运行动力，组织再造提供了运行基础，协同治理构成了基本运行方式。以上述三项微观机制为基础，“138模式”能够为易地扶贫搬迁后续帮扶提供客观条件。生产—生活双重导向与安置社区内的空间聚敛，构成“138模式”不同于其他后续帮扶方式的重要特征。最后文章提出加大政策关注力度、构建“生产—生活共同体”、开展组织建设和鼓励协同参与等政策建议，以实现易地扶贫搬迁的长期目标。     

An anatomy of dispossession: post-apartheid land rights and farm dweller relocation in the context of a private game reserve initiative,northern KwaZulu-Natal

This article is a detailed examination of the impact that the development of a private game reserve initiative in northern KwaZulu-Natal had on the lives of farm dwellers in the late 1990s. The reshaping of this landscape for ecotourism purposes – a decision taken by a group of private landowners – meant that the residents of the former cattle farms were relocated, a process which had serious consequences for them. The outcomes of relocation from the farms are explored through conversations with the relocated farm dwellers. In an attempt to convey the texture of the emotional geography of dispossession, we document both the tangible and the less tangible losses suffered from the farm dwellers' point of view, as well as their experience with the state bureaucracy. The legal and bureaucratic process leading up to the relocation is then retraced through court documents and other archival evidence. At one level, this case raises questions about the capacity of the post-apartheid South African land reform programme to secure the land rights of marginalised groups such as farm dwellers, despite legislation passed to protect them. At a deeper level, this article is about the conceptual inadequacies of the law. While the law finds it easy to render visible and to protect (saleable) private property, it struggles to fully recognise more complex land relationships. The people whose experience is described in this article felt disempowered, their lives effectively invisible. We problematise the continuing primacy of private property in post-apartheid South Africa and argue that the voices of those with other histories on the land should receive more serious attention.     

新形势下征地拆迁难问题的对策思考

征地难、拆迁难根源是补偿安置存在问题,文章提出变单纯货币补偿为多元化的复合补偿、变单纯消费性补偿为生产性补偿、变一次性支付补偿为长远分期补偿、先安置再拆迁、促进失地农民就业、完善失地农民社会保障体系、加强对征地拆迁补偿的引导和监管等解决措施。     

You gotta move: advancing the debate on the record of dispersal

This paper summarizes the social science research on the record of housing dispersal programs since 1995. The research shows a consistently disappointing record of benefits to low-income households. Households moved out of high-poverty neighborhoods, voluntarily and involuntarily, show few or no beneficial effects in terms of economic self-sufficiency, health benefits, or social integration. The benefits of dispersal are confined to feelings of greater safety and satisfaction with neighborhood environmental conditions. We offer a framework for understanding the disappointing record of dispersal, highlighting its translation from social science diagnosis to policy, problems in the policy's implementation, its underlying theory of poverty, and the political context within which dispersal has been applied.     

BEFORE DEATH, WE MUST PART:

Domestic violence trends and case law reporters across the country suggest the time is right for a new alternative in the struggle to provide refuge for victims of domestic violence. As the American justice system stands right now, there is no significant mechanism in the United States with the financial, legislative, and legal backing to help victims of domestic violence escape. A model for relocation based upon the Federal Witness Protection Program can provide such a mechanism. The first part of this note presents a New Jersey case where a divorce proceeding resulted in the relocation and change of identity of a battered woman and her children, and suggests this remedy as a model for an interstate or federal relocation program for domestic violence victims. The next part provides a discussion of the merits and rationale behind such a program. The third part discusses the types of batterers this program would seem to protect against, a legal standard to ascertain whether someone is eligible, and certain logistical issues of a theoretical program. The next two parts discuss items troublesome to the implementation of both state and federal programs. The sixth part discusses potential issues such programs might face once implemented on both levels. Finally, the last part provides an overall assessment of the feasibility of such programs, followed by the conclusion. While the costs that would be incurred by such a program on the interstate or federal level may be quite high, it is quite clear that relocation and protection could save countless lives each year and provide a new beginning for the innocent victims that toil in a world of domestic violence.