Constructing the homeland: Kazakhstan's discourse and policies surrounding its ethnic return-migration policy

A new political development that emerged after the disintegration of the Soviet Union was the adoption of ‘homeland stances’ by the newly independent states. Through the construction of the homeland image, the states of the region claimed responsibility not only for their own citizens, but also for a diaspora community of co-ethnics. Kazakhstan became one of these states and its leadership portrayed Kazakhstan as the homeland of the Kazakh diaspora. Furthermore, Kazakhstan's leadership developed far more active homeland rhetoric and initiated an ethnic return-migration policy as early as 1992. This paper will explore the discourse of Kazakhstan's leadership on the repatriation of its co-ethnics as well as the legal and political context that it created to achieve their smooth absorption into domestic society.     

试析侵占罪中财产关系变动的本质

侵占罪在司法实务中虽较为常见,但其认定却往往存在着分歧,主要体现在与盗窃、诈骗等相关犯罪的区分问题上。其中争论的核心主要集中在侵占行为财产关系变动的本质,具体而言就是对侵占行为实施的前提和＂非法所有＂行为的界定。由于侵占罪财产关系变动的方式与其他犯罪有很大差别,所以只要对其财产关系变动的本质加以明确,就能更好地界定各个侵财型犯罪。     

刑事推定中的利益分析

推定作为刑事诉讼中认定案件情况的一种方法,它减轻了举证责任,提高了诉讼效率,解决一些诉讼中的疑难问题,但这些仅是推定的工具价值。在工具价值的背后,推定承载着一定的利益:或为国家利益,或为当事人利益。不同的证据制度、诉讼模式,决定推定承载着不同利益。     

未成年犯社区矫正工作体系探微

对未成年犯实行社区矫正是使未成年犯刑罚执行工作向国际化、人性化发展的重要举措。未成年犯社区矫正是由若干功能板块组成的动态系统。我国未成年犯社区矫正工作体系的构建可以分为宏观、中观和微观三个层面。     

法律制裁的历史回归

探寻法律制裁的起源并勾勒其演进脉络,不仅可以透视法律制裁的发生机理,而且可以把握法律制裁的发展规律。法律制裁在历史长河中,不仅有线性的流逝,而且有循环的转化;不仅有各种法律制裁方式产生与灭亡的烙印,而且有同种法律制裁方式由轻至重又由重转轻的轨迹。社会文明进步的标志之一就是法律制裁方式由严酷走向轻缓:从摧残生命的酷刑最终转向以补偿和定纷止争为内容的纠纷解决,从而使法律制裁回归历史的起点。     

效力瑕疵合同的返还清算问题

针对效力瑕疵合同的法律效果,我国《民法典》确立了原物返还、价值返还和损害赔偿三个步骤的操作方法。价值返还的基础理论从早期"两不当得利独立请求权说""差额说"逐步发展为考虑牵连性的返还学说。就是否需要返还的认定,除了可归责于债权人的毁损不需要返还外,其他因返还义务人意志、过错和偶然风险导致的毁损都需要返还,偶然风险致损也存在回跳的可能性。就返还的标准而言,考虑到效力瑕疵合同的特殊性,"主观标准说"并不具有正当性,应当重新回到"客观标准说"。因为受领给付而获得的利益,在返还义务人明知瑕疵事由的情况下需要返还。返还义务人因为受领给付而自愿支出的必要费用、在债权人获益范围内支出的有益费用和因固有风险所遭受的损害也可以要求偿还。不同的效力瑕疵规定具有不同的规范目的,应当区分强制秩序规范和传统私法规范,前者可能对价值返还产生影响,后者原则上并不会介入价值返还中。     

略论和谐社会的构建与社会冲突的应对

构建社会主义和谐社会必须处理好社会冲突问题。直面我国当前社会冲突的现状,有必要重构社会冲突观,在深刻分析社会冲突的根源、性质和功能的基础上,探索社会冲突的回归路径,促进社会和谐。     

Returning to the child welfare system: Understanding the wellbeing,health, education,and placement of children who return

Using longitudinal archival Child Welfare System (CWS) data, this study describes child health and wellbeing at their initial entrance into the CWS and subsequent returns. Associations between child wellbeing, health, placement stability, and frequency of returning to the system were also investigated. Results indicated most children were healthy and developmentally on target. In addition, emotional distress, behavioral concerns, and number of placements in the CWS were significantly correlated with placement stability. Future work should utilize the use of developmental assessments to systematically and reliably document the concerns for children in the system, and investigate factors contributing to stable placements.     

挪用公款罪认定中的若干疑难问题

根据司法解释 ,挪用公款给私有公司、私有企业使用的属于归个人使用 ,这是值得商榷的。挪用公款归个人使用 ,进行非法活动的 ,应有犯罪数额起点的限制。挪用公款的具体用途作为客观构成要件是缺乏科学性和合理性的