The Poetry of Negligence

Poetry and legal rhetoric are both forms of what the ancient Greeks called poēsis: the art of the word. Tradition nonetheless assigns poetry to the realm of art and beauty, and legal rhetoric to the different realm of law and truth. The late William Matthews' poem ``Negligence' transgresses the boundaries that we have erected between art and law, and beauty and truth. The poem presents a well-crafted piece of legal rhetoric in the form of art. This essay draws out the implications of Matthews' transgression, and suggests that in the end poetry and law have a lot in common: both are forms of manipulation by means of words. The essay develops this connection in order to join with Emmanuel Levinas in calling for a ``breakup in the omnipotence of the logos.' This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

比喻在英语谚语中的运用

比喻包括隐喻、明喻、转喻、提喻等,是语义修辞法的重要组成部分。而语义修辞法在英语谚语中发挥着重要的作用,是英语谚语特征的显著标志。正是这些语义修辞法的大量运用,才大大提高了英语谚语的表达能力,使英语谚语语言简洁、内涵丰富、哲理深邃、形象生动。     

爱伦·坡的心理小说之修辞学解读

从修辞学的角度解读爱伦·坡的心理小说,是一个全新的视角。爱伦·坡的心理小说具有语言学意识,表达了语言和文本之间的自我反思;体现了一种语言复仇修辞论,揭示了人类心灵的自我分裂和自我对抗;强化了暴力的语言本质,将人们引向形而上的思考。     

Norwegian Politics of Abortion: Perspectives, Arguments, and Values

Grid-group cultural theory is applied to an empirical analysis of five debates on abortion in the Norwegian Parliament between 1992 and 1996. Policy arguments concerning selective abortion and abortion in general are compared. In the cultural–theoretical literature, restrictive policy arguments towards abortion have been connected to the hierarchical cultural bias, whereas permissive policy arguments have been associated with egalitarian and individualistic worldviews. The empirical analysis, however, shows that there are various different connections between abortion policy arguments and cultural biases. The possibly contradictory situation that arises when parties switch between cultural biases is discussed, and the article concludes that grid-group cultural theory proves useful in relating the various abortion policy arguments to broader worldviews that transcend this particular policy issue.     

警察口语表达修辞技巧的思考

警察口语水平的高低,从一个侧面直接反映了警察的基本素质。警察在警务工作中的用语,都必须注意口语表达的效果,而口语表达效果的提高,离不开口语的修辞。警察口语修辞应包含语音和语调的修辞、语境的修辞、委婉语的修辞、遣词造句的修辞和态势语的修辞。要通过加强实践训练、强化记忆能力和训练口语的语感等来提高警察口语修辞技巧。     

RHETORIC OF THE LAWYER AND PHILOSOPHICAL CONVERSATION

The article focuses on the difference between strategic rhetoric and philosophical conversation. It first tries to distinguish between sophistical manipulation and valid strategic argumentation. In order to do that, the author tries to give a new meaning to the old Aristotelian tripartition between logos, ethos, and pathos. Then, he uses Chaim Perelman’s theory of argumentation to show that the standard of rationality in practical reasoning is a specific one. After having clarified the very concept of strategic argumentation, the author distinguishes it from the notion of philosophical conversation. He tries to show that if the latter is completely replaced by the former, the danger exists that victimization and morals “a la carte” will generate a defeat of critical thought.     

Motives and legacies behind 2008-2009 Hungarian Roma murders and apologies

This research analyzes as hate crimes the 2008–9 Hungarian Roma mass-murders by extreme nationalists. Pertinent questions are: ‘What motivated the Roma Murders?’ and ‘How do these motives intertwine with cultural-historical legacies to affect both the murders and later official apologies?’ In examining motives, the essay shows how cultural myths of an ill-fated nation and collective memory of real historic tragedies made Hungarians receptive to an extreme nationalist ideology that transforms a national vision of tragic fate into a vision of a victorious future (Volksgeist). How Hungarian cultural-historical heritage assigns vulnerability and disability to the Roma is explored, and why assigning the same vulnerability to victims when Hungarians apologize for their complicity in the Roma murders cannot restore social justice. The essay adds to previous research the identification of common dynamics in both the hate crimes and later apologies, demanding that a very specific apology addressed to the Roma–as equal citizens–should follow two apologies that position the Roma as less than equal Hungarians.     

释“日”：审美想象和修辞幻象

汉字"日"和以"日"为结构素的符号系列,借助审美想象重建为修辞幻象,从而偏离现实所指,成为语言建构的想象中的现实。通过讨论"日"的修辞幻象形态、相关语码的修辞置换、作为生命符号的"日"姓和"日"名,可以看出汉字"日"的修辞化,是中国古人的生存状态和情感世界的生动写照。其间既有古人对现实的审美想象,也折射出修辞幻象与封建政治合一的社会图景。     

谈警察规劝性言语的得体性

得体性原则是修辞学重要的原则,也是评判交际言语优劣的最重要标准。警察使用的规劝性言语,是语言的具体使用,属于言语活动的范畴,它是一种特殊的言语交际活动。规劝性言语具有可接受性、向善性和艺术性三个特征,得体的规劝性言语必须遵循四个原则,即:合境原则、言语与交际对象协调原则、礼貌与诚信原则。只有把握了规劝性言语的这些特征和原则,才能较好地完成规劝性言语交际活动。     

法律修辞说服理论的语用有效性分析

作为对司法过程中价值因素予以较多关注的法律修辞方法,其本身修辞论证过程就是一种建立在语用学转向基础之上的说服性实践论辩。因为无论微观修辞技巧还是宏观修辞论证,都是一种语用型式的表达,论辩中的语用有效性是修辞说服的主要理论依据。这体现在两个方面：一是通过对语境的分析和把握拓展着有效性概念的理解,使对案件的分析由静态关注转向动态研究;二是主体间性共识的达成,保证判决得出作为“好论证”而具有更强的可接受性。