公益诉讼原告主体范围之扩张

公益诉讼法律化后的宏大法律图景未能在行动中的实践成为可视的制度实在,公益诉讼法律条款基本处于休眠状态。主要原因在于立法者推崇实用主义和渐进式功利主义的改革路线和利益导向机制,严格限定公益诉讼的主体范围,将大量主体阻隔于法院大门之外,割裂协调有序的公益诉权主体链条,致使公益诉讼无法实效发挥制度机能。公益诉讼的制度化或者再制度化可将权利生成和整体正义作为指引公益诉讼精细化发展和长远性发展的基本功能导向,适当开放公益诉讼通道,建构行政机关、检察院、社会组织和公民个人的多元互补的原告主体体系,并在现有法律框架内务实而理性地探求主体扩张的合理路径。     

Timing as a source of regulatory influence: A technical elite network analysis of global finance

Rules governing the international financial system are the subject of some of the most intense distributional battles waged in any area of global governance. Who wins and who loses such battles – and why? I develop a novel analytical framework – technical elite network (TEN) theory – which explains the widely varying levels of influence that stakeholders enjoy over global financial standards. TEN theory draws attention to how issue‐specific characteristics of international finance – in particular, its highly technical and complex nature – shape the distributional consequences of global regulatory processes. It posits that such characteristics influence distributional outcomes by (i) affecting who claims first‐mover position and, thus, sets the agenda in global financial rulemaking, and (ii) ensuring that proposals made by first movers are increasingly difficult to alter at later stages of rulemaking. I provide empirical evidence for the theory by examining two regulatory regimes that are central to the efficiency and stability of the global financial system: the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and the International Accounting Standards Board.     

First‐Hand Experience and Second‐Hand Information: Changing Trust across Three Levels of Government

Little is known about how different sources of information drive citizen trust in government. To address that gap this article compares disaster evacuees to observers, noting how trust differs as attention to media coverage increases. First‐hand experience supplies information to update trust through biological and personal processes and performance assessments, while secondary sources provide information about other people's experiences, filtered through lenses that take an active role in crafting information. These two types of information have varying effects depending on the level of government being trusted. Using surveys administered a year after Hurricane Katrina, I find that Katrina evacuees have the highest trust in federal government, until they start paying attention to media coverage, and that attention to coverage has the most dramatic effect on these evacuees compared to all other groups. I also find that increasing attention to second‐hand information corresponds with higher trust in local officials, and that this effect decreases as the level of government increases. It appears media coverage creates a comparison in the mind of hurricane evacuees, causing them to update their performance assessments based on comparing their own experience to that which they observe, thereby updating their political trust.     

Fragmented or cohesive transnational private regulation of sustainability standards? A comparative study

Literature on private regulation recognizes the proliferation of competing regulatory organizations and approaches in various industries. Studies analyzing why fragmentation arises so far focus on single‐case studies, the exploration of single variables, or variation in types of fragmentation. This article analyzes why in certain industries and for certain issues regulatory organizations proliferate, while in others a single regulatory organization emerges which covers the entire industry. Through a comparative case study of private regulation of sustainability standards in the forestry, clothing, IT‐electronics, and chemicals industries, we show how a combination of low industrial concentration, civil society involvement in governance, and stringent standards of a first‐moving regulator offer the strongest explanation for a fragmented private regulatory field, while high industrial concentration, business‐driven governance, and lenient standards of a first‐moving regulator lead to cohesive regulation.     

公安民警媒介素养教育评价体系研究

公安民警媒介素养评价是检验并提升教育效果、改进教学方法和优化教育实施方案的重要依据。评价的功能表现在效果比较、计划辅助、监控支持三个方面;评价的内容具体包括知识目标、过程目标和价值观目标三个层次;评价体系的构建涉及到评价模式的选择、评价主体的确定以及评价指标体系的设计等多方面内容。     

群体性暴力事件形成计算分析

当前,随着社会转型的不断深化,我国进入了群体性暴力事件的高发期。为进一步了解此类事件的形成机制,降低群体性暴力事件对社会稳定带来的负面影响,作者在agent建模、社会燃烧理论以及羊群效应等理论的基础上搭建了一个群体性暴力事件的形成模型,仿真了无警力条件下群体性暴力事件自发形成的过程。大量仿真结果表明,在群体性暴力事件发生现场的区域内人员密度、“点燃”事件的类型、所在地区的可目视范围以及当地社会环境中的舆论导向等因素均会对群体性暴力事件的产生及发展带来不同程度的影响。该结果将为相关部门预防与处置群体性暴力事件提供重要的理论依据。     

关亏物权法中空间权若干问题的探讨

空间权作为一种新型的权利,随着对土地立体开发的繁荣而越来越受到关注。许多国家对此进行了相关或专门的立法,然而,我国对空间权的研究和立法较为滞后。文章主要从目前国内外空间权的立法概况、空间权体系构成、空间权的客体、性质等几个方面作一些探讨。     

再论股票期权——基于中国国情的公司治理实践

公司"两权分离"引发了其管理人员的"代理问题",为克服公司(股东)与其管理人员行为目标的不相一致问题,股票期权这一能将公司管理人员劳动付出及其薪酬与公司业绩结合且卓有成效的长期激励方式在西方国家应运而生。长期以来,我国公司经营的低效率与其激励机制的欠缺不无关系,结合我国公司治理实践并借鉴股票期权这一制度对提升公司价值将著有裨益。     

论马克思的科技与生产力思想

本文认为马克思对生产力发展和科技革命的认识和研究 ,从总体上看 ,是沿着两条思路展开的 :一是以唯物史观的发现和完善为主线的思路 ;二是对资本主义制度的剖析为主线的思路。还具体分析了马克思在科学技术、社会生产力与社会经济发展的关系、科学技术的利用及其基本特征、未来社会生产力和科学技术发展等方面的思想     

解决我国城镇居民贫困化问题的对策

上个世纪 90年代以来 ,一部分城镇居民贫困化问题日益突出 ,他们的生活每况愈下 ,非常窘迫。这个贫困群体形成的原因主要是失业下岗人员显著增加、社会保障制度滞后和不健全以及工薪阶层的支出压力。建立和完善社会保障制度 ,缩小收入差距 ;抓好再就业工程 ,尽可能地实现充分就业 ;完善个人所得税制 ,发挥税收调节收入差距的作用 ;加快发展生产力是解决城镇居民贫困化问题的对策选择。