破产程序的法理分析

在整个破产程序中,当事人间时有对抗时有合作,争讼性与非争讼性交替出现,法院应分别适用诉讼程序与非讼程序处理不同阶段的破产事务.涉及当事人重大利益且发生争议的事项,应以诉讼法理为主导设计相应的处理程序,以增强破产案件处理的正当性;所涉事项并无争议,或不涉及当事人实质性利益的,则应以非讼程序为主导,以达到经济、迅速地处理破产案件的目的.这种诉讼性与非讼性交替出现表现了破产程序的复合型程序性质.     

社会进步视野中政治制度的功能分析

政治制度能够为物质文明的发展提供制度保障,为精神文明的创建奠定制度框架,为调节相互冲突的政治利益关系设置制度安排。政治制度对于社会进步的重要意义由此得以凸显。     

未成年人刑事案件社会调查制度论纲

未成年人一般具有极强可塑性。如果法官的判决是有利于其改过自新的,则此种基于刑罚个别化的判决对该未成年人而言,无疑是再社会化和预防犯罪的良方。蕴涵人格调查的社会调查制度应当是形成前述判决的基础。在我国少年司法制度尚不完备的当下,应以该制度的正当性为基点展开研究,以期运用于少年刑事司法实践。     

我国农民工社会保险立法比较研究

农民工社会保险体系是农民工社会保障体系的核心组成部分。当前,建立农民工社会保险体系是我国社会保障工作一个迫在眉睫的重大课题。然而,我国相关立法在制度供给方面存在严重缺失,致使农民工社会保险面临着“推不动”的难题。通过对农民工社会保险立法状况进行比较分析,可以明确我国农民工社会保险在不同地方的立法现状,并对解决相关问题做出理性回应。     

弱势群体的社会政策模式探析

弱势群体是当今世界各国普遍存在的现象,我国也不例外。关注弱势群体是构建和谐社会的关键。结合现阶段我国的具体情况,针对弱势群体的社会政策模式应当是补偿性社会政策与发展性社会政策相结合。     

土地所有权权利结构重构

在土地公有制基础之上建立土地市场法律制度,必然导致土地使用权与土地所有权的分离。我国经过20多年的土地有偿使用法律制度的实践,已经在事实上将土地使用权置于一个独立物权法律地位。以土地使用权为核心构建的中国土地法律制度,应当突破传统的土地所有权占有、使用、收益、处分的四项权能,并代之以土地的设定权、收入权、使用权、发展权和回归权。传统的土地所有权的四项权能,则相应地纳入新型权利结构的土地使用权之中。     

论刑法对社会同一性的自我确认

刑法规范在认识上被充分确保与整个社会系统维持一种同一性关系的最关键点在于刑法对社会同一性予以自我确认,而这种自我确认的实现途径就在于将适时性作为刑事立法的一项基本原则。适时性原则,主要是指刑事立法要遵循适应社会现实需要,以确认与社会保持同一性的原则。其价值蕴涵反映出刑法对社会同一性自我确认的本质属性。     

Lay-Perspectives on Criminal Deviance,Goals of Punishment,and Punitivity

Empirical studies corroborate a relatively close relation between goals of sentencing and punitiveness. However, it is not clear what aspects of sentencing goals motivate harsh punishment. This study analyzes the structure of sentencing goals and scrutinizes in particular whether the idea of retribution is associated with punitiveness, or whether punishment considerations from a societal perspective (macrolevel) are the source of more punitive responses. A questionnaire was mailed to a random sample drawn in Bern, Switzerland. A total of 357 persons responded to items measuring constructs including goals of sentencing, punitiveness, target of justice considerations, and perceived threat to society, after reading one of three short stories about specific crimes (fraud, physical injury, assault). Results of this study reveal a two-dimensional structure of sentencing goals. One dimension represents readiness to punish and exclude the offender socially. The other dimension refers to concerns of the victim versus the needs of the society as a whole. The analysis provides a new interpretation of sentencing goals.     

企业促进就业社会责任立法研究

促进就业是当前我们践行科学发展观、构建和谐社会的重要任务,也是企业承担社会责任的重要形式。承担促进就业的社会责任既是企业的道德义务,又是企业的法律义务,它主要体现在企业促进公平就业、促进雇员培训、促进就业稳定和促进失业人员再就业的责任等方面。我国应当加强企业促进就业责任的立法工作,促使企业更好地履行相关社会责任。     

SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND VIOLENCE: A SUB‐NATIONAL TEST OF INSTITUTIONAL ANOMIE THEORY*

Messner and Rosenfeld's institutional anomie theory is grounded in the assumption that relatively higher crime rates in the United States are due to (1) the overwhelming influence of economic motives and institutions in society, and (2) the subjugation of all other social institutions to cultural economic interests (e.g., the American Dream). Our analysis is designed to extend the limited body of empirical research on this theory in several ways. First, we seek to test the utility of institutional anomie theory for predicting crime rates across aggregate units within the United States (counties). Second, we draw out the theory's emphasis on instrumental crime and suggest that measures of noneconomic social, political, familial, religious, and educational institutions will be particularly relevant for explaining instrumental as opposed to expressive violence. Third, in contrast to prior research, we develop conceptual reasons to expect that these factors will primarily mediate (as opposed to moderate) the relationship between economically motivating pressures and instrumental violence. Our negative binomial regression analyses of data from the Supplementary Homicide Reports and various censuses indicate that the measures of noneconomic institutions perform well in explaining both instrumental and expressive homicides, but that these measures mediate the impact of economic pressures (as measured by the Gini coefficient of family income inequality) to commit instrumental violence most strongly. Further, we find only very limited support for the more popular moderation hypothesis.