Stability and change in subjective quality of life of adolescents in secure residential care

Subjective quality of life (QoL) is an outcome measure often used in the field of psychiatry. While upcoming strength-based rehabilitation theories place strong emphasis on subjective QoL, it has hardly ever been investigated in adolescents with severe psychiatric problems who are admitted to secure residential care. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the stability and change of subjective QoL of adolescents with severe psychiatric problems. Additionally, the effect of discharge and re-entering society on subjective QoL was studied. In a four-wave longitudinal study, the subjective QoL of 172 male adolescents with severe psychiatric problems was examined. Five subjective QoL domains remained stable over time, while five other domains changed. A decrease in satisfaction with family relations and social participation was observed for discharged adolescents. These results warrant for continuing guidance of adolescents in order for them to positively adapt to a new life outside secure residential care.     

监狱突发事件应急管理探析

监狱突发事件应急管理的根本目的在于保障公众生命财产安全,维护罪犯的生命权和健康权,保证监狱的安全稳定,最大程度地减少突发事件及其造成的人员伤亡和危害。构建监狱突发事件应急管理体系;健全监狱突发事件应急体系的系统控制;完善监狱多种突发事件应急预案,有助于维护国家监狱安全和社会稳定,促进经济社会全面、协调、可持续发展。     

系统重要性金融机构可处置性的新发展及启示

可处置性是2008年金融危机后为解决系统重要性金融机构(G-SIFIs)"大而不能倒"问题提出的一个新概念。提高G-SIFIs的可处置性是目前金融稳定理事会加强G-SIFIs监管的重要内容之一。可处置性具有诸多相关概念、具体内容以及不同要求。欧美及我国在提高系统重要性金融机构可处置性的进展方面情况有所差异。目前,制约我国开展此项工作主要因素有许多方面,需要有针对性地增强相应的政策措施。     

The place of parties in contemporary democracies

The electoral system has often been considered an important determinant of the political stability that the Federal Republic of Germany has enjoyed in the half-century of its existence, so that it has been often indicated as a 'model' for electoral reforms in other democracies. The analysis of the political impact of the German electoral system after 1949 shows that such impact was different in the different phases of evolution of the party system. In the 1950s, the German party system was characterised by a higher level of fractionalisation, which the electoral system contributed progressively to reduce. That phase was followed by 30 years of concentration and defractionalisation of the vote. In the last decade, the post-reunification party system presents again higher electoral fractionalisation, which the electoral system has partially reduced in the vote-seats translation. In the current political contingency it is doubtful, however, that the electoral system by itself can contain fragmentation on a durable basis.     

Decentralisation,Governance and the Structure of Local Political Institutions: Lessons for Reform?

Many governments are devolving power to elected local councils, hoping to improve service delivery and citizen representation by bringing officials closer to the people. While these decentralisation reforms hold the promise of improved governance, they also present national and sub-national leaders with a complex array of options about how to structure newly empowered local political institutions. This article draws on cross-national experience and the latest research to identify the trade-offs inherent in structuring local political institutions. The study's specific interest is in the impact of strong, locally elected councils on governance and representation. Proceeding from an empirical basis that competitive elections are vital for the legitimacy and efficiency of local political institutions, the analysis first questions the impact of four institutional features – central versus local control, local executive versus local council authority, local council structure, and the role of parties – on service provision and fiscal solvency. The article's second section analyses the impact of decentralisation on political representation, with a particular focus on the role of institutional design in combating the threat of extremist parties. A final section summarises empirical findings and advances some policy-relevant conclusions.     

血液和尿液样品中海洛因代谢物稳定性研究

目的对尿液和血液中海洛因代谢物3-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸吗啡（M3G）,吗啡,O6-单乙酰吗啡（O6）在180d内的稳定性进行研究。方法准备空白添加血液、尿液、染毒动物（大白兔）血液、尿液和吸食海洛因者血液、尿液样本,分别置于20℃、4℃、-20℃下,分别于0、1、2、4、7、14、28、56、112、156、180d时间点测定样品中M3G、吗啡,O6相对含量。结果在3种不同温度下,随保存时间的延长,血液、尿液中的O6含量均逐渐下降至零;血液中吗啡含量升高（空白血液添加组）或下降（染毒动物组）,在尿液则均升高;血液样中M3G含量均升高,尿样中则略有下降。下降和升高的幅度均随保存温度的下降而缩小。结论海洛因代谢物在-20℃时保存稳定性最佳。     

应用微视野仪对眼底损伤者进行视敏度的评估

目的探讨眼底损伤者的微视野检测指标与视敏度的相关性,及微视野仪评估视功能的应用价值。方法应用MP-1型微视野仪,对100名眼底损伤者进行视网膜光敏感度、固视稳定性检查,获得黄斑中心2°视网膜平均光敏感度、全视野视网膜平均光敏感度、固视中心2°固视率、固视中心4°固视率等微视野检测指标数值,将其与视敏度进行Spearman相关分析及多元回归分析。结果黄斑中心2°视网膜平均光敏感度、全视野视网膜平均光敏感度、固视中心2°和4°固视率与视敏度均呈正相关,其相关系数分别为0.676、0.693、0.670、0.665（p〈0.05）。散点图显示各微视野指标与视敏度间具有直线相关趋势,由此得出多元线性回归方程为：Y=2.543＋0.043×X2＋0.017×X4（X2全视野视网膜平均光敏感度,X4固视中心4°固视率）。结论微视野检测指标与视敏度之间有良好的正相关性,具有法医学应用价值。     

Stability of Morphine,Codeine, and 6‐Acetylmorphine in Blood at Different Sampling and Storage Conditions

The stability of drugs in biological specimens is a major concern during the evaluation of the toxicological results. The stability of morphine, codeine, and 6‐acetyl‐morphine in blood was studied after different sampling conditions: (i) in glass, polypropylene or polystyrene tubes, (ii) with addition of dipotassium ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (K₂EDTA) or sodium oxalate (Na₂C₂O₄), and (iii) with or without the addition of sodium fluoride (NaF). Spiked blood samples were stored at two different temperatures (4 and ?20^°C), analyzed after different storage times and after three freeze–thaw cycles. Opiate concentrations were decreased in all conditions, but the most unstable was 6‐acetyl‐morphine. The addition of NaF as preservative improved the stability of opiates at all conditions studied, whereas the type of anticoagulant did not affect the stability of opiates. It was concluded that blood samples should be stored at ?20^°C in glass tubes containing oxalate and NaF for maximum stability.     

影响西部地区社会稳定的成因分析与对策研究

近年来随着国际国内形势的变化,我国西部民族地区社会稳定问题呈现出许多新情况、新特点,其成因非常复杂。浅层原因有经济利益分化加剧、社会各阶层矛盾凸显、境外势力的渗透破坏;深层原因有历史文化因素、宗教心理因素的影响等。为此,要维护西部民族地区的社会稳定与长治久安,应着力遏制两极分化,大力发展生产力,加快西部地区大开发;深化政治体制改革,建立合理的收入分配制度;协调社会各阶层矛盾,加快改善西部地区民生;努力协调社会阶层矛盾,用正确的舆论引导西部地区民族认知,增强多元一体的中华民族意识。     

新时期和谐警民关系的建构与完善

和谐的警民关系建设是和谐社会建设的重要组成部分,是做好新形势下社会稳定工作的根本保证。从这个意义出发,新时期建构与完善和谐的警民关系是公安机关的政治责任、法律责任、公共责任和社会责任。公安机关必须正视当前影响警民关系的不和谐因素和原因,不断建构和完善新时期的和谐警民关系：树立和谐警民关系理念;增强做群众工作的意识和水平;提高执法办案的能力和要求;正确行使警察权、严格规范非警务活动;注重社区警务建设;强化警察公共关系建设。