WHERE IS THE VILLAGE GOING? MAINTAINING AND INCLUDING CULTURAL STRENGTHS TO PROTECT CHILDREN ORPHANED IN KENYA

This article is the result of a master's thesis about children and their universal right to be included in a family environment. This is not only protected under international law, but also intuitive to human beings. HIV‐AIDS continues to threaten lives of children, particularly in sub‐Saharan Africa in the form of orphaning. Looking at a case study from Kenya, it is revealed that, while legal protection is yet to be fully realized in the state, strong cultural norms of value are alive. Currently, the extended family system is the greatest protection to children orphaned or at risk of being orphaned. However, this system was made invisible in the domestic laws of Kenya under the Children Act 2001. This neglect calls for questions not only regarding the protection cultural norms may offer, according to the best interests of children, but also as to the cultural environment being created with the new law.     

小学高年级儿童气质对父母教养方式的影响

采用MCYQ儿童气质问卷和EMBU父母教养方式评定问卷调查了80名小学四、五年级学生的气质及其父母的教养方式。结果表明：小学高年级儿童的气质只与父母教养方式的情感温暖、理解，惩罚严厉和拒绝否认三个维度显著相关。儿童气质对父母教养方式的影响存在共性和差异，节律性、适应性和坚持性与父母亲的教养方式都显著相关，而情绪、注意品质和反应阈只和母亲的教养行为显著相关。影响父母教养方式的积极气质因素为节律性强、适应迅速、坚持性强和注意不易分散，消极因素为活动量大、适应缓慢、趋避性为易接近、注意易分散等。难养型和偏难养型儿童，其母亲较少表现情感温暖、理解行为，较多给予惩罚严厉和拒绝否认行为。     

流浪儿童救助保护的能力建设

流浪儿童问题是现代社会的一种现象,其形成具有制度性原因,它与开放的社会环境有关,与某些家庭的贫困化、解体和解组有关,也与社会管理的模式有关。流浪儿童的救助保护需要进行新的制度建设,也需要完善救助保护系统,在流浪儿童救助保护领域应实施社会工作制度,从而加强对流浪儿童救助保护的能力建设。     

谈0～3岁亲子教育中的父爱

近年来,亲子教育受到人们的高度重视,其核心内容是建立和谐健康的亲子关系.父亲们只有意识到自己在孩子身心成长中所起的重要作用,并且改变传统父爱的观点,做智慧型的父亲,才能塑造出健康快乐的宝宝.     

论儿童最佳利益原则——以离婚后未成年子女最大利益保护为视角

本文对现行立法及司法实践存在的对未成年子女利益考虑不够和保护不足及缺乏有效监管与救助问题,尤其是针对父母离婚后未成年子女财产的性质界定和保护,抚养费的合理使用、监督与救济,以及人工生育子女的法律地位和离婚时抚养等问题现行立法或呈现空白或很不完善的状况,进行了分析和思考。借鉴外国婚姻家庭制度的有益规则,提出了一些立法建议和具体对策,着重强调在完善离婚立法中应最大限度地凸显保护未成年子女的合法权益,以充分体现儿童最佳利益原则。     

对农村留守儿童犯罪问题的思考

我国有1000多万农村留守儿童,这一特殊人群的违法犯罪问题并没有得到应有的重视。情感的缺失、家庭教育的不足以及学习问题等因素是导致其中一部分人违法犯罪的主要原因。目前,只有家庭、学校、政府以及社会等多方面齐抓共管,才是解决这一问题的根本途径。     

科学看待儿童读经

从时间、内容、方法和效果等四个维度认真剖析儿童读经现象,假若选择读经的时间适宜、经文思想性合乎当代中国的时代精神、经文难度系数得当、学生阅读方法科学,那么,适度让儿童读一些中国经典文章是一种妥当的教育方式,这样做既有利于中国优秀经典文化和中华传统美德在新时代的传承与发展,也有利于让儿童逐渐生成文化自觉意识和文化认同感,进而生成既与时代精神相对接又有中国文化根基的健全人格,还有利于儿童身心的"可持续性发展".     

不同手法推拿天河水穴对外感患儿的即时退热效果比较

目的 观察天河水穴在不同操作手法下的即时退热效果。方法 将94例患儿按年龄分为清天河水组、取天河水组及打马过天河组,通过测定患儿腋下体温、症状总积分和不良事件积分,评价3组临床疗效和不良反应。结果 治疗后3 h,打马过天河组患儿腋下体温及症状总积分明显低于其他两组（P<0.05）,清天河水组、取天河水组患儿腋下体温及症状总积分的差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;清天河水组、取天河水组不良事件积分均显著低于打马过天河组（P<0.05）。结论 3种手法均有退热效果,但打马过天河手法的即时退热效果最佳,但易造成皮损,清天河水、取天河水手法安全可靠,退热效果无差异。     

Children’s attitudes towards animal cruelty: Exploration of predictors and socio-demographic variations

ABSTRACT

Assessing the risk for animal cruelty is imperative, yet understudied and problematic due to the sensitivity of the topic. Early prevention is critical, yet very little research examines cruelty when it first appears in childhood. The aim of this study was to explore children’s attitudes towards types of animal cruelty, to investigate potential demographic differences, and to examine potential associations between acceptance of cruelty and cognitive and affective factors that place children ‘at-risk’ for cruelty perpetration. Questionnaire data was collected from 1127 children in schools. The results indicate that cruelty attitudes are predicted by some demographic variables such as urban living, being male, younger age and not having pets, but depend on the type of animal cruelty. Acceptance of cruelty predicted low compassion and low reported humane behaviour towards animals. Acceptance of cruelty was predicted by negative attitudes towards animals, lower beliefs in animal minds and low attachment to pets, signifying the importance of targeting such variables in future prevention programmes. This study is an original contribution to research into childhood animal cruelty in the general population, with implications for designing and implementing early prevention programmes that tackle problematic attitudes to cruelty.