城乡社会化环境对进城务工子女成长影响的研究

进城务工子女经历了城乡社会经济文化两种社会化环境,其价值观念、行为规范和交际准则等社会化内容大不相同。进城后,他们身受双重社会化标准的影响,从把固有的纯朴作为社会化的准则,到将各种“期望”作为追求的目标,会形成自己社会化的特点。造成社会化内容和目标不同的主要因素是社会化环境的改变。     

CRITICAL ASPECTS OF PARENTING PLANS FOR YOUNG CHILDREN

The debate about the benefits and drawbacks of overnight schedules for young children is hotly contested in family law. This study investigated connections between occurrence of overnights, schedule consistency, number of caregivers, and young children's adjustment to parental separation and divorce. Families ( N = 161) with children aged 6 years or younger were recruited at the time of filing for divorce or child custody (if unmarried); follow-up data were obtained from 132 families 15 to 18 months later. Results indicated that parenting plan variables are related to children's social, cognitive, and emotional behavior, with caregivers and schedule consistency more salient than overnights. Girls benefited from overnights and more caregivers, whereas boys did not. Overnighting children aged 4 to 6 years when their parents filed manifested fewer problems 1.5 years later than did younger children. Even when controlling for parental conflict and parent-child relationship variable, the constellation of parenting plan variables contributed to young children's adaptation.     

我国城市贫困儿童的现状、问题及对策

我国城乡二元结构的体制,在一定程度上导致了对我国城市贫困儿童问题的忽视。笔者在对武汉、西安、福建三地调研基础上得出以下结论:我国城市贫困家庭中的儿童的生存与发展现状并不乐观。我国城市反贫困政策在儿童保护方面仍存在许多缺陷,需要进一步完善。     

儿童钢琴启蒙教育初探

如何让孩子真正喜欢钢琴,打开孩子进入音乐殿堂之门,是儿童钢琴启蒙教育的首要问题,只有教师、家长、孩子三方共同努力,才能取得良好的效果。我们应在听、唱、想、玩、演五个方面采取行之有效的施教方法来提高儿童学习钢琴的兴趣。     

农村留守儿童发展困境的社会学分析——以文化资本为视角

农村留守儿童问题是在社会转型的大背景下,由于农民的流动而引发的一个重要的社会现象。从社会学角度看,农村留守儿童家庭文化资本的缺失是导致其处于弱势地位的根本原因。要促进他们的发展,必须多渠道增强他们的家庭文化资本。     

中国汉族6～18周岁女性人群牙齿生长发育的年龄研究

目的研究牙齿钙化程度与年龄的关系,建立利用牙齿推断中国汉族女性人群年龄的方程。方法通过对6923名6～18周岁汉族女性儿童及青少年全口曲面断层影像下颌恒牙的钙化程度进行评分;将分级值及其对应的年龄输入SPSS软件进行分析,最终建立推断年龄的方程模型;从研究样本外随机抽取已知年龄的样本181例进行肓测。结果牙齿钙化评分值与年龄相关分析结果相关系数r均大于0．6,同名牙评分值侧别间统计分析结果P〉0．05且相关系数r均大于0．93,方程拟合优度检验R^2=0．789,估计值标准误为1．28岁,盲测结果与真实年龄的平均误差为0．421±0．272岁。结论本研究所建立的方法在推断中国汉族女性6～18周岁群体年龄方面有良好的应用前景。     

Finkelhor's precondition model of child sexual abuse: A critique

Abstract

This paper critically discusses an extremely influential multi-factorial theory of child molestation, Finkelhor's Precondition Model. This model was one of the first comprehensive theories of the sexual abuse of children and represents a significant achievement. It provides a clear framework for approaching the study of men who have sexually abused children and has lead to both clear treatment goals and clinical innovations. It has rarely, however, been systematically critically examined and the cogency of its core constructs evaluated. Our analysis suggests that alongside its strengths, Finkelhor's Precondition Model has some conceptual problems. It suffers from vagueness; contains overlapping constructs; and a rich array of vulnerability factors that require teasing out and clarification. The model's attempts to provide a taxonomy highlight the diversity inherent in child sexual abuse, but it has not yet provided a structure to adequately inform treatment.     

关注留守儿童 构建和谐乡村

留守儿童是随着城市化进程加快而形成的一个群体,是新农村建设的后续保证。目前,留守儿童的生活和教育状况令人担忧。这不仅关系到他们自身的健康成长,也关系到农村社会的稳定与和谐,还将影响农村未来人口的素质。因此,关注留守儿童,需要社会、各级政府、学校和家庭的共同努力,这既是构建和谐社会的需要,也是社会转型期必须面对和解决的问题。     

论胎儿生命利益的刑法保护

自然人包括生命权在内的各项基本权利始于出生,终于死亡。胎儿因缺乏主体资格,从被侵害法益的层面来看,无法成为刑事被害人。现行刑法对伤害胎儿的行为按故意伤害处理,这与行为的本质和行为人的主观故意内容均存在较大的出入。无论从胎儿被侵害的可能性、与母体的相对独立性、还是从刑法与其他部门法的协调性等角度出发,对侵害胎儿的生命利益的行为都有必要设置独立的罪名。     

基于网络药理学及分子对接探究银翘散“异病同治”小儿急性上呼吸道感染及小儿病毒性心肌炎作用机制

目的 采用网络药理学与分子对接方法探究银翘散“异病同治”小儿急性上呼吸道感染(acute upper respiratory infection in children, AURIC)及小儿病毒性心肌炎(viral myocarditis in children, VMC)的共同分子机制。方法 利用TCMSP数据库及CNKI数据库筛选银翘散的活性成分及靶点;通过GeneCards数据库和OMIM数据库分别筛选AURIC和VMC的相关靶点,获取银翘散与AURIC、VMC三者的交集靶点;利用Cytoscape 3.9.1软件构建“银翘散—成分—靶点”网络,分析重点活性成分;使用STRING数据库通过构建交集靶点的PPI网络以分析核心靶点;使用DAVID数据库对交集靶点进行GO功能和KEGG通路富集分析;利用Autodock Tools软件对核心靶点及主要成分进行分子对接。结果 筛选出银翘散129个活性成分,264个作用靶点;银翘散与AURIC、VMC共119个交集靶点;银翘散—成分—靶点网络的构建得出槲皮素、山柰酚、木犀草素、柚皮素、豆甾醇为排名前5的主要成分;PPI网络构建后得出STAT...