Social networks versus technical networks： How different social interaction patterns effect information system utilization in the organizations？

Improvements in information and communication technologies have reshaped production and consumption relations during the post-modern era. Societies have tried to adapt themselves to the requirements of new knowledge-based economy. It has also become vital for the organizations to meet the needs of knowledge society. Whether they are public or private, organizations play key roles in the transformation processes of the societies and economies. It is important for the organizations not only to use the latest information technologies, but also create social structures, which can ease information flow throughout the organization. Social network studies that are quite different from traditional approaches in sociology can be very useful tools to understand arid manipulate organizational networks. The results of several research activities have shown that actors use their social connections to reach information, resources and possible opportunities （Garguilo ＆ Benassi, 2000）. It is not enough to use advanced information technologies in an organization to build an effective knowledge distribution system regarding the social network perspective, it is required to understand the patterns of social interactions between actors and to find a fit between technical structure and social structure for effective knowledge-based organizational design. Structural holes theory （Butt, 1992） emphasized the importance of brokerage roles of the actors in a social network. Structural holes are unconnected actors （individuals, groups or organizations） in a social network （Burt, 1992）. If there are numerous structural holes in an organization, there will also be quite a number of brokerage opportunities for some actors in the organizational networks. Brokers are the bridges and gatekeepers who are controlling information flow in the organizations. It is vitally important to explore brokerage patterns in an organizational network for an effective knowledge based design. This study is a conceptual framework aiming at bringing an explanation to socially created information flow structures in the organizations by using structural holes theory.     

政务信息公开满意度影响因素分析——以政府网站为例

以政府网络为视角,研究政务信息公开满意度影响因素,有助于政府部门改进信息化服务工作,提高公众满意度.本文通过对美国顾客满意度指数模型(A CSI)进行改进并参考欧洲顾客满意度指数模型(ECSI),构建了我国政府网站政务信息公开满意度模型,运用问卷调查和结构方程模型(SEM)对所构建模型进行实证检验,从公众视角揭示我国政...     

ClassⅠ新城疫病毒强毒株主要结构蛋白特异性抗体的研制

以新城疫病毒(NDV)ClassⅠ强毒分离株9a5b尿囊液、原核表达的NP、P、M、HN、F五种蛋白为免疫原,接种6周龄BALB/c小鼠制备抗体,用血凝抑制试验(HI)、间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)、细胞中和试验、酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)和Western-blot方法共同检测所获得的各类抗体。结果显示,成功制备获得了NDV各结构蛋白多抗及12株NDV特异性单抗。免疫特性鉴定结果表明,在获得的12株单抗中,3H7和3H9株单抗为抗ClassⅠHN特异性单抗,仅具有IFA和HI效价,而2A8株单抗却无HI效价;其他单抗均与ClassⅡ毒株存在交叉反应。     

Open Doors and Closed Ceilings: Gender-Based Patterns and Attitudes in the International Studies Association

In 1995, the Gender Research Committee of the International Studies Association conducted a survey of the membership concerning the impact of gender on members' lives. In 2006, the Women's Caucus for International Studies sponsored a follow-up survey utilizing similar questions. A comparison of the findings of the two studies shows increased representation of women within international studies, persistent frustration with the slow pace of progress in women's access to senior positions and in accommodating family issues, some evidence of a chilly climate for women and a leaky pipeline, and significant differences between men's and women's perceptions of the status of women in the profession. The 2006 survey reveals a marked increase in concerns regarding the tension between women's family responsibilities and the academic environment, identification of structural discrimination, and concerns that men have been disadvantaged by affirmative action for women.     

就业领域重大结构性失衡及应对研究综述

就业结构性失衡对经济实现高质量发展带来不利影响。我国就业领域重大结构性失衡表现为城乡间失衡、区域间失衡、产业间失衡、所有制之间失衡和技能结构失衡等。劳动力要素未能实现最优配置,究其原因,主要可归结为经济增长模式偏向性,政府经济政策干预不当,劳动力、人才的社会性流动面临制度性障碍等因素。研究建议,以渐进式改革推进经济增长驱动力平衡,转变经济政策的干预模式,消除阻碍劳动力、人才社会性流动的体制机制障碍来解决就业领域结构性失衡问题。     

番鸭细小病毒MDPV YZ株VP2和VP3蛋白基因的克隆和序列测定

根据国外已发表的番鸭细小病毒(MDPV)FM株基因组核苷酸序列设计了1对引物,应用PCR技术扩增了MDPV YZ株的VP2和VP3蛋白基因片段.将扩增后的VP2和VP3蛋白基因克隆到pCR 3.1 T载体上,MDPV YZ株基因大小为1764 bp,编码528个氨基酸,并对插入片段进行序列测定.测定结果表明,我国分离的MDPV YZ株蛋白基因序列与国外发表的序列的同源性为98.5%.     

高校毕业生就业结构性失衡及应对

近年来,结构性失衡已成为高校毕业生就业的主要矛盾,突出表现在市场供需不匹配、区域结构性矛盾、公共就业服务供需矛盾、性别差异等方面.其根源主要在于产业转型升级创造高端岗位的速度远低于高校毕业生的增速,区域性发展不平衡,以及专业设置的刚性和传统思想根深蒂固等.研究认为,可以采取协同推进产业转型、建立市场导向的专业设置机制、...     

Is Bigger Really Better? A Comparative Analysis of Municipal Mergers in Australian and Japanese Local Government

While structural reform by means of municipal mergers has been employed in many different countries, council consolidation has been especially marked in Australian and Japanese local government. This suggests that much can be learned by examining amalgamation through the analytical prism of comparative analysis. In this article, we investigate structural reform through municipal amalgamation in Australian and Japanese local government by examining the aims of amalgamation, the methods employed by public policy makers and the outcomes which were achieved. From this comparative analysis, we attempt to draw some broader lessons for local government policy making aimed at local government reform.     

The Unintended Consequences of Structural Change: When Formal and Informal Institutions Collide in Efforts to Address Wicked Problems

Significant restructuring of bureaucracies has occurred to facilitate joined-up working. This article draws on new institutionalism to explore the rationale behind the use of structural change for the promotion of joined-up working. It argues that a strong institutionalized myth has emerged which has created isomorphic pressures in the public sector to instigate structural changes in the name of vertical integration. These combine with informal institutions in ways that can be both productive and unproductive, highlighting the need to find a balance between formal institutional change and informal institutionalized practices, which often go unacknowledged as a powerful influence on policy.