技术权力、技术生命周期与大国的技术政策选择

大国技术竞争是指国家行为体综合运用各类政策手段争夺技术权力的过程。技术权力可分为强制性权力、网络性权力和制度性权力。技术竞争往往是一个长时段的互动过程,可能涵盖一个或多个技术生命周期。各类技术权力在一个技术生命周期内出现的时间有所不同,技术权力的积累在两个技术生命周期的交替期也可能呈现延续或中断的不同走向。这意味着在技术发展的不同阶段,竞争主体的政策选择将依据技术权力的变化而相应发生改变。美、俄、中、欧在全球卫星导航领域的博弈以及美、欧、日、中在移动通信领域的竞争,均鲜明体现了驱动国际政治行为体开展技术竞争的意愿因素(获取权力)以及它们在技术发展相应阶段的政策选择。前者仅涉及单个技术生命周期,后者则包含多个时间上紧密衔接的技术生命周期。中国是当前大国技术竞争的主要参与者。为了在竞争中立于不败之地,应注意把握技术发展的阶段性特征,因时制宜,选择与技术发展阶段匹配的技术政策,并针对下一阶段技术发展的重点方面提前进行布局,以坚持自主创新和扩大对外开放为基本原则,通过科技创新掌握技术权力,推进构建新发展格局。     

Full and Open Competition in Public Procurement: Values and Ethics in Contracting Opportunity

ABSTRACT

Governments have sought to respond to increasing pressures to accomplish aims with efficiency and at low cost. A perception of the potential for corruption and waste of public resources has been met with calls for transparency and accountability. Competition is believed to lead to impartial, optimal outcomes, but attention paid to competition in the literature suggests that the benefits are not universally clear. This paper considers ‘full and open competition’ as a policy promise, ethical obligation, and a matter of justice, drawing upon work of John Rawls and others, in the United States case. The research question is: What do Federal procurement data tell us about the nature of full and open competition in practice? This study draws upon contract data available from the U.S. Federal government, for fiscal years from 2015 to 2018. Through an ordinal regression, it is suggested that variation in the extent of competition results in part from size of project, size of the business (or potential business) receiving the project, and the industry classification, particularly in cases centering on commercial acquisitions. While ‘full and open competition’ is frequently employed, the difference between the normative value of the concept in statute, and practical outcomes in implementation, is clear. This difference has consequences for both vendors and the government.     

Leniency Program: A New Tool in Competition Policy to Deter Cartel Activity in Procurement Auctions

This paper discusses the impact of a leniency program on incentives within cartels. The objective of this program is to encourage a cartel member to confess and implicate his co-conspirators with hard evidence about their collusive agreement. We develop a simple model of cartel behavior under a first-price sealed-bid procurement auction and we show how an effective leniency program can prevent the internal coordination of cartel members.     

纳税监护人试论

随着我国社会经济发展 ,必然出现纳税监护人 ,应根据相关法律精神 ,在税收征管法中明文添增。     

关于企业边界的理论评述与思考

企业边界理论存在的不足主要有:交易成本经济学缺乏环境变化的动态分析;新古典理论对不少现象缺乏解释力;竞争优势理论缺少深度分析;迈克尔的分析框架不能解释中国的现实问题。鉴于企业边界问题复杂而动态,因此企业边界的理论研究有待进一步深化。     

对江门市直党政机关竞争上岗几种评价结果的比较研究

用积差相关和纯相关法,对江门市直机关机构改革竞争上岗的五项指标进行分析,结果表明,群众在平时与演讲答辩时对竞争者评价标准趋于一致;领导在组织考察后对竞争者的评价,与群众在演讲答辩后对竞争者的评价关系不密切;领导在组织考察后对竞争者的评价,与演讲答辩后考官的评价不密切;领导在组织考察后对竞争者的评价与群众平时对竞争者的评价关系不密切;群众平时对竞争者的评价,与演讲答辩后考官的评价之间关系不密切;演讲答辩后群众对竞争者的评价,与考官对竞争者的评价之间关系不密切。     

The Making of the French Civil Code: An Economic Interpretation

The code Napoleon has been one of the first (on such a scale), the most important and the most pervasive processes of codification that ever took place. The purpose of our paper is to provide an economic analysis of the making of this codification. We compare customary codification and contractual codification: while the former amounts to the crystallisation of socially accepted practices, the latter consists in a creation of rules through a writing process. These theoretical differences are less clear-cut when history mixes practices and reasoned arguments. We then show that the making of the code Napoleon reflects it since it borrows from the social contract and the spontaneous order traditions.     

论新世纪我国经济伦理学发展的新领域

随着经济全球化和我国市场经济的发展和完善。必将赢来一个经济伦理学繁盛的新时代。在未来经济伦理学的发展中，产权伦理学，竞争伦理学，分配伦理学和生态经济伦理学将成为孕育重大突破和引领经济伦理学发展潮流的新学科，对社会经济生活的影响也将日趋明显。     

域名权和商标权的权利冲突及解决途径

随着网络在商业领域运用的逐渐普遍和深入,以及在巨大经济利益的驱动下,出现了大量的将他人商标注册为域名的行为,此类行为在恶意抢注的情形下构成侵权或不正当竞争行为,时此类权利冲突纠纷应区别驰名商标和普通商标适用中华人民共和国《商标法》、《反不正当竞争法》分别给予法律救济,同时为避免类似权利冲突的产生应完善我国相关的法律制度。     

试论我国小型企业财务报告体系的导向问题

我国小型企业会计制度一直未受到足够的重视。我国小型企业具有规模小、主要靠自有资金发展和会计报告主要用于定期纳税等特点。建立接近收付实现制特点的税务导向的财务报告体系 ,是我国小型企业会计制度的理性选择