技术侦查措施的几点思考

2012年修订的《刑事诉讼法》对技术侦查的适用范围、批准程序、所获材料与证据的处理作出了规定,但在司法实践中,技术侦查制度要充分发挥其价值,仍需要对其内容进一步明确和细化。文章从违法使用技术侦查措施的责任追究机制,保障被适用者的知情权和受到伤害时的赔偿请求权三方面予以补充和完善技术侦查制度。     

APPLYING A GENERAL STRAIN THEORY FRAMEWORK TO UNDERSTAND SCHOOL WEAPON CARRYING AMONG LGBQ AND HETEROSEXUAL YOUTH

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and questioning (LGBQ) youth are at a higher risk for school victimization, social isolation, and school weapon carrying compared with their heterosexual peers, yet few studies have been conducted to investigate their experiences. By using a general strain theory (GST) framework, data from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) statewide probability sample of Delaware heterosexual (n = 7,688) and LGBQ (n = 484) youth in grades 9–12 show that there are both similarities and differences in the factors associated with school weapon carrying among LGBQ and heterosexual youth. LGBQ and heterosexual youth's weapon carrying is related to school victimization, but social support does not moderate the relationship between school victimization and school weapon carrying as suggested by GST. Furthermore, being male is significantly related to heterosexual youth's weapon carrying, but sex is not related to weapon carrying among LGBQ youth. Overall, the results highlight a need to reconceptualize GST to help center the experiences of LGBQ youth, a historically marginalized group, within mainstream criminological literature. Theoretical and policy implications are discussed.     

法律人格的伦理变革——来自罗马法又回到罗马法

法律人格与伦理的关系状态反映了法律对人的态度。人格属性历经古代罗马法、近代欧陆民法以及现代社会化民法的发展过程,分别表现为"反伦理化、泛伦理化、去伦理化"倾向。人格概念的伦理价值判断功能应该让位于它的法律技术功能。通过承继并改造罗马法人格制度建立现代民事主体制度。     

路径依赖理论及其应用研究：一个文献综述

诺斯的制度变迁理论引介到中国以后,"路径依赖"成为日益流行的概念。但国内对"路径依赖"的认识存在偏差,因此有必要对路径依赖的相关文献进行梳理, 对基本的概念进行深入的剖析。本文从经济学的视角出发,简要地回顾了路径依赖理论在不同领域的研究进展并加以评析,以期对进一步的应用研究提供借鉴。     

美国监狱里的艾滋病防治

在美国,疾病控制中心将艾滋病定义为：一种以感染人体免疫功能缺陷病毒为特征、且表现为一种或多种疾病症状的免疫功能后天性缺陷综合症。随着感染艾滋病病毒／艾滋病的犯罪人入监服刑,就使艾滋病病毒／艾滋病流入了监狱,且由于艾滋病病毒／艾滋病与注射毒品之间的相互关系监狱里也在滋生艾滋病。对此,美国监狱起初采取了包括隔离在内的防治政策,但由于隔离引发的后续问题太多且难以解决,有些监狱转向于个案处理方式。     

论医疗事故鉴定体制的改革

医疗事故技术鉴定制度和司法鉴定制度均存在诸多弊端,两种制度并行的状况更引发了一系列的问题。为此,应取消医疗事故技术鉴定,在司法鉴定体制基础上进行改革,通过建立全国统一的医学专家库,设立“首席”鉴定人,完善鉴定人员准人机制,改革鉴定人出庭接受质询及专家辅助人制度,以此达到构建统一的新型医疗鉴定制度的目的。     

海事安全目标导向型公约:生成发展与我国应对

基于海事安全风险管控从"经验公式""二元并存"向"技术标准""一元主导"的转变,海事安全公约未来发展方向将由"描述型"转为"目标导向型"。海事安全目标导向型公约的创制技术包括分层立法框架、条款背离和等效替代等方面,从而对相关法律规范的表述模式、相关法律关系的具体面向和各缔约国履约责任的逻辑路径等带来深刻影响。作为正在从海事大国迈向海事强国的我国来说,应对海事安全目标导向型公约及其创制技术的发展,需要进一步提升船舶建造技术标准规范创制水平,积极抢占标准战略竞争的制高点;更新海事安全法律规范的创制理念,构建更具灵活性、主动性的立法模式;完善海事履约审核体系和各构成要素,确保我国的海事安全目标导向型公约履行义务的全面实现。     

Organizing a Proficiency Testing Program on Stamp Impressions Examination in Accordance with ISO/IEC 17043 Requirements

Stamps and stamp impressions examinations are based on matching defects and design details on the questioned and control samples. These examinations are routinely carried out by document examiners around the world. International proficiency tests for questioned documents examination have been available for decades while similar programs specifically focusing on stamp impressions examination are rare. This study reported a recent proficiency testing program on stamp impressions examination organized by an accredited provider in accordance with ISO/IEC 17043 requirements. Twenty‐four forensic laboratories registered for the program. Apart from giving details on the design and operation of the program, this study also aimed to provide the limitations and difficulties encountered in sample preparations, homogeneity, and stability tests of the testing materials. Various comments and feedbacks received from the participants, particularly in respect of examination approaches, challenges faced by the participants in forming conclusions and their suggestions for further improvement would be evaluated.     

论新形势下职工技协工作的创新

目前,工会职工技协工作正面临新的机遇和挑战,为了抓住机遇应对挑战,职工技协工作必须实现体制上的创新,重新定位,不断提高职工的整体素质,更好地为社会主义市场经济服务。     

死亡大鼠组织中总RNA提取的质量控制及方法评价

目的探讨不同商品化试剂盒在提取组织总RNA过程中的优劣与适用范围,为实验室的质量控制提供依据。方法采用以膜提取技术为基础（SV total RNA isolation system）和以异硫氰酸胍/苯酚法为原理（TRIzol总RNA提取试剂盒）的两种试剂盒对死亡大鼠心、肝、脾、肺、肾、脑组织进行总RNA的提取与评价鉴定,并使用琼脂糖变性凝胶电泳和2100芯片生物分析仪对提取的总RNA进行完整性鉴定和质量控制评价。结果两种商品化试剂盒提取的总RNA纯度与得率均可满足实验要求。各组织脏器中总RNA得率依次为脾脏＆gt;肝脏＆gt;肾脏＆gt;大脑＆gt;肺脏＆gt;心脏。结论与TRIzol总RNA提取试剂盒相比,SV Total RNA Isolation System提取时对操作人员熟练度要求较低,2100芯片生物分析仪有望替代凝胶电泳技术用于总RNA提取时的质量控制。