‘A pretty kettle of fish’: United Nations assistance in the mass dismissal of labor in the Iranian oil industry, 1959–1960

ABSTRACT

This article examines the assignment of John Alexander-Sinclair, a British United Nations (UN) development expert, in Iran. In the late 1960s, Alexander-Sinclair was invited to arrange the ‘redeployment’ of 20,000 allegedly redundant oil workers and mediate between the consortium of European and American companies, which was in de facto control of the country’s oil industry, and the state-led National Iranian Oil Company, which was nominally in charge. His UN mission enabled the cooperation between Iranian officials and foreign companies, which eventually led to the severance of workers on a massive scale. Much of the existing scholarly work on the history of international organizations and labor has focused on the role of the former in advocating international norms to improve the lives of workers across the globe. This article, by contrast, examines the use of UN assistance as a means to circumvent workers’ existing protections and benefits. Second, the notion of a ‘rule of experts,’ which suggests that development practitioners gained unprecedented powers after World War II, dominates much of the secondary literature. By showing how the UN representative in Iran appeared as a rather impotent pawn in the politics of local interest groups, the article demonstrates the limits of this argument.     

黑龙江尚志地区莱姆病伯氏疏螺旋体的鉴定与遗传进化分析

自我国黑龙江省尚志市野外采集的蜱体内分离出1株莱姆病伯氏疏螺旋体,并对其进行了形态观察及分子生物学分析。利用BSK H分离培养法,经暗视野显微镜和姬姆萨染色观察,菌体呈螺旋状。根据已报道的伯氏疏螺旋体16S rRNA基因序列设计引物,结合参考文献设计的外膜蛋白A(OspA)基因引物经PCR扩增并测序,与GenBank中的各种伯氏疏螺旋体基因型建立系统发生树并进行同源性分析。结果表明,16S rRNA基因核苷酸序列与GenBank中的伽氏疏螺旋体(Borrelia garinii)DK27(X85193)具有较高的同源性,可达99.5%;OspA基因核苷酸序列与报道的Borrelia gariniiKhab(AY502600)有较高的同源性,为93.6%。根据序列分析结果,认为该分离株属于Borrelia garinii基因型,命名为SZ,该菌株16SrRNA基因和OspA基因核酸序列已提交到GenBank(登录号分别为HM007279和HM007278)。     

Obesity,Body Mass Index,and Homicide

The body mass indexes (BMIs) of 100 randomly selected homicide cases from the files of Forensic Science SA were compared to the Australian and South Australian populations. There were 70 males and 30 females (M:F = 2.3:1; age range 18–84 years; mean 42.3 years). There was a substantially lower proportion of obese individuals in the homicide population compared to the general Australian and South Australian populations (19% [vs.] 27.9% and 30%, respectively). A second group of 144 randomly selected autopsy cases where the BMI was ≥40 kg/m² was analyzed. There were 77 males and 67 females (M:F = 1.2:1; age range 23–78 years; mean 46.7 years). The majority of deaths were natural (N = 108), with no homicides. A negative association between obesity and homicide has, therefore, been demonstrated. Reasons for the lower numbers of obese/morbidly obese individuals among homicide victims are unclear, but may include physical protection afforded by fat padding from sharp force injuries, and relative sociodemographic isolation.     

现行著作权法的几个技术性问题评析

我国现行著作权法虽然取得了显著进步 ,但依然存在一些技术性问题 :“创作”概念的不同一 ;“独创性”标准不一致 ;“注释权”、“专有出版权”、“录像制品播放权”的规定不够完整和明确 ;附属刑事条款不合时宜 ;少数条款次序不合理以及没有存在必要等。针对这些问题本文也提出了相应的改进意见。     

鸭疫里氏杆菌地区流行株的分离与外膜蛋白A的变异性分析

2010年从安徽省和江苏省境内发病鸭的病理组织中分离到8株鸭疫里氏杆菌(RA),分别被命名为AH1、AH2、AH3、AH4、JS1、JS2、JS3、JS4,其中AH1、JS4为血清1型,AH2、AH3、AH4、JS1、JS2、JS3为血清2型。8株RA的菌体形态、生化特性、PCR鉴定结果相同,但致病力不同,AH1毒力最弱,对鸭的发病致死率仅为16.7%。序列分析结果显示,8株分离菌的外膜蛋白A(OmpA)基因的核苷酸序列同源性为96.9%～100%,氨基酸序列同源性为98.2%～100%。将8株RA与GenBank中登录的其他55株RA的OmpA进行变异性分析,结果其核苷酸序列同源性为89.6%～100%,氨基酸序列同源性为90.2%～100%。从系统发育进化树中可将这63株RA分为4个亚群,不同国家和地区的RA株在亚群中没有显示地域或时间特征,而是呈现出了互相交叉的现象,RA的OmpA差异与血清型、分离时间和分离地点没有必然的联系,本试验近期分离的8个RA株分布在2个亚群中。     

大熊猫源停乳链球菌类马亚种的分离与鉴定

为研究引起大熊猫脚掌化脓感染的原因,有效防治该病,对大熊猫感染部位的浓汁进行了细菌学检查及分离,对分离菌进行形态特征、理化特性鉴定、兰氏分群以及16S rDNA序列的分子鉴定,并构建系统发育树;对分离菌进行健康小鼠的人工感染试验。结果分离到5株细菌,根据5株分离菌的形态特征、理化特性及兰氏分群结果,结合16S rDNA序列测定与系统发育分析结果,判定为链球菌属的停乳链球菌类马亚种。该分离菌对供试健康小鼠有较强的致病作用。证实分离菌即为引起大熊猫脚掌化脓感染的病原菌。     

猪伪狂犬病病毒GZ-Z1株的分离鉴定

为获得1株猪伪狂犬病病毒贵州分离株,将贵阳市某猪场送检的流产胎儿病料经一系列处理后接种Vero细胞,并对分离毒株分别进行了病毒理化特性、电镜形态观察、中和试验、动物接种试验、核酸检测等鉴定。当盲传至第3代时,出现细胞变圆变亮、脱落、呈拉网状特征的细胞病变;分离毒不耐酸和热,对5-碘脱氧尿核苷和有机溶剂氯仿敏感,能被伪狂犬病病毒标准阳性血清中和;透射电镜下可见位于囊泡中呈近圆形、有囊膜、150～180 nm大小的成熟病毒粒子,在胞核中可见衣壳呈晶格状排列的病毒包涵体以及空心、实心2种无囊膜的病毒粒子;将分离毒株接种家兔,能引起家兔奇痒、麻痹死亡;PCR扩增产物经测序证明系PRV gD基因的部分序列。结果表明,成功分离获得了1株猪伪狂犬病病毒贵州株。     

次贷危机与我国金融安全

随着美国次贷危机的蔓延,资产证券化的风险对金融安全的影响不容忽视。结合对美国次贷危机诱因及目前资产证券化风险的分析,提出防范风险的核心是建立一套与我国金融安全相适应的一系列机制。     

浅析在职务犯罪侦查中采取技术侦查措施

随着我国法制建设的不断深入,职务犯罪侦查过程中过于依赖"双规"程序获取犯罪嫌疑人口供的侦查措施逐渐面临困境,急需采取新的侦查措施来打击职务犯罪。当前国内外诸多有利条件使得在职务犯罪侦查过程中采取技术侦查措施变得切实可行。由于技术侦查措施具有的特殊性质,在采取技术侦查措施侦办职务犯罪的过程中必须遵守四项法律原则。     

当下中国的举国动员何以可能?

本文对中国成功抗击非典的举国动员机制进行探讨,从单位组织和社区动员、权力技术运作、媒体对社会意识的建构、理性选择机制等四个方面论述了举国动员何以可能,以期对理解当下中国的举国动员提供帮助,为我们抗击眼下席卷全球的甲流有所启示。