胡锦涛“以人为本”思想的实践及效果——以汶川抗震救灾为中心的考察

2008年5月12日汶川特大地震发生后,以胡锦涛为首的党中央切实贯彻以人为本思想,以人的权利和需要为本,关注人民生命权和生存权,满足心理、健康和发展需要;以灾情就是命令、时间就是生命,人命关天、救灾无国界,信息全面、公开、透明,首次为遇难民众设立全国哀悼日等四个与时俱进的救灾特色,实践了以人为本的思想,收到了良好的效果,获得了各国媒体的好评。     

习近平法治思想的生态文明法治理论之理念溯源与实践路径

习近平法治思想的生态文明法治理论是指导我国新时期生态文明建设与中国特色社会主义法治建设的行动指南。马克思主义生态观和法治观、中华传统生态智慧与法制理念以及可持续发展理念,为生态文明法治理论提洪了思想根基、本土资源与全球视野,并为生态文明法治理论继承和发展。生态文明法治理论的发展经历了产生阶段、发展阶段和成熟阶段。推进生态文明法治实践,应以法治国家建设推动生态文明法治的顶层设计,以法治政府建设完善生态文明法治的体制机制,以法治社会建设保障生态文明法治的社会基础,这也是践行习近平法治思想的生态文明法治理论的内在要求。     

读罗尔斯的《政治哲学讲义》——立足于人性看《利维坦》中的社会契约

罗尔斯在他的《政治哲学讲义》中对霍布斯的利维坦给予了高度评价,并主要在世俗系统内对《利维坦》进行了全面的解读。罗尔斯对社会契约的形成过程的分析不是基于神学知识的考虑,而是通过对人性的认知,并以人性为核心,来看待自然状态如何转变为战争状态,以及如何由自然状态下形成订立契约的合意,最终导致自然状态向市民社会的转变。     

Latvia, 1918–1920: A Civil War?

The post–World War I conflict that took place in Latvia between 1918 and 1920 was variously described as “struggle for freedom,” “war for liberty,” “independence war,” “civil war,” and so on. This article reviews the various concepts by discussing alternatives of statehood in Latvia. Its primary objective is to provide more evidence to the argument that the postwar conflict that took place in Latvia between 1918 and 1920 may be considered “a civil war.” By focusing on the Red and White terror campaigns, the author suggests that terror is one of the most overlooked aspects of the conflict that provides significant evidence for the perspective of “civil war.” He claims that the war was not “a class struggle,” as argued by Soviet historians, and calls for alternative explanations that would include the discussion of moral crisis, ideological conflict, ethnic and social hatred, clash of values, and the explosion of terror in Latvia.     

External Interventions in Post-Cold War Africa, 1989–2010

The study of external interventions in conflict management is critical and has implications for international relations and conflict theory. Quantitative studies of the relationship between external interventions and civil war have been prone to some conceptual limitations (understudied lower-intensity periods) and data limitations (unavailability of event battle death data). This article presents a new external interventions data set covering the period between 1989 and 2010 for Africa, building on the Regan et al. (2009) data set, which covers the period between 1945 and 1999. Novel features of this new data set are: the recoding of the overlap period; a broader range of categories of intervention, including UN and non-UN missions; and wider temporal scope, by extending the period of analysis to 2010, by lowering the civil war threshold to 25 battle deaths, and by starting the conflict period from the date of the first battle death in each civil war (based on UCDP GED version-1.5-2011). The advantages of the data set are illustrated with an analysis of the different effects interventions have on high- and low-intensity conflict periods.     

Rebel Behavior in the Context of Interstate Competition: Exploring Day-to-Day Patterns of Political Violence in Africa

This study develops a day-to-day theory of political violence that predicts that rebels respond strategically to the onset of interstate conflict that is directly related to a civil war. Government-initiated interstate conflict is theorized to incentivize rebels to signal their resolve, willingness to bear costs, and vulnerability of government forces. In addition, this form of interstate conflict is predicted to decrease violence against civilian populations, as it makes it more likely that rebels will need to rely on civilians for resources in the future. This is contrary to interstate conflict initiated by an external state, as this signal of third-party support makes civilian support more dispensable from the perspective of a rebel movement. Using a country-day data set constructed from event data, evidence is presented that is consistent with this theoretical logic. Interstate conflict, therefore, is shown to play a significant role in explaining the variation of violent events that occur on a day-to-day basis during a civil conflict.     

Sisters in Terrorism? Exploding Stereotypes

New Terrorism is increasingly deploying women in the field as combatants. Female suicide bombers have proven to be highly effective, precisely because of the persistence of gender stereotypes in target societies. Women terrorists convey a powerful message of political seriousness, heighten the sense of intimidation and threat, and attract greater mass media attention—all key strategic objectives of New Terrorism. Gender stereotypes are also at work in explanations for women's recourse to terrorist activism. Such stereotypes simplify complex motivations and either overvalue or undervalue women's agency. The net result of this stereotyping is that women end up worse off individually and collectively, domestically and internationally. The lives of women in geopolitical hotspots have become more precarious, and the valorization of women terrorists undermines the quest for women's emancipation in fundamentalist cultures. In Western democracies, paternalistic outrage at women's subordination under fundamentalist regimes may have initially served as a dubious justification for military and other interventions, but the involvement of women in terrorist activism now risks reinforcing an even more dangerous “clash of civilizations” thinking. One effect is to undermine the demands for greater gender equality in Western democracies as well as indirectly support the war on women political agenda domestically.     

思想政治教育人文关怀视野下的“思想谘商”探析

加强思想政治教育人文关怀是思想政治教育学科发展的必然导向,是坚持"以人为本"的重要体现。实现思想政治教育人文关怀的具体路径也是多种多样的,"思想谘商"是以对话为根本路径,以思想问题为对象,以"解惑、去苦"为旨向的一种思想关怀、心灵关怀。思想谘商过程中运用的方法有"FITT"、"PEACE"、"LEARN"等。     

马克思、恩格斯全球化思想及其现代价值

马恩关于全球化思想最初起源于他的世界历史和世界市场思想。这在《德意志意识形态》和《共产党宣言》中有较为集中的体现。资本主义生产方式的出现,分工和交往的扩大是世界历史出现的根源,也是世界市场进一步扩大的一个因素。最后,真正的全球化是共产主义的出现。马克思的关于对"世界历史"理论思想的研究,对于当今探索中国如何进行社会主义现代化建设,具有重要借鉴作用。     

Photo News

正September 7,2014Thousands of lanterns take to the skies in Yichun City of Jiangxi Province during a local Moon Culture Tourism Festival.September 1,2014Students at a primary school in Taizhou,southeast China’s Zhejiang Province sprint around the country’s first rooftop running track.