解决我国城镇居民贫困化问题的对策

上个世纪 90年代以来 ,一部分城镇居民贫困化问题日益突出 ,他们的生活每况愈下 ,非常窘迫。这个贫困群体形成的原因主要是失业下岗人员显著增加、社会保障制度滞后和不健全以及工薪阶层的支出压力。建立和完善社会保障制度 ,缩小收入差距 ;抓好再就业工程 ,尽可能地实现充分就业 ;完善个人所得税制 ,发挥税收调节收入差距的作用 ;加快发展生产力是解决城镇居民贫困化问题的对策选择。     

Local Government Support for Women in the Informal Economy in Durban, South Africa

This paper examines the response of the city government of Durban to the growth of the informal economy. It argues that, unlike the national government of South Africa, Durban's government has been creative in designing policies that favor informal economy workers, particularly women. These progressive policies are the result of an innovative local government and, to some extent, an emerging self-employed women worker's union that has been able to exert influence on informal economy policies.     

城市房屋拆迁的合法性及补偿制度研究

城市房屋拆迁实质上是以国家权力为依托，被拆迁人和政府之间强制缔约的经济行为。由于我国法律规定不完善，城市房屋拆迁的前提即对公共利益的评判标准模糊。实际操作中，房屋拆迁的补偿原则、范围、标准以及补偿程序等一度引起人们的质疑和不满。当务之急是从城市房屋拆迁的现状和法学分析入手，通过对实践中房屋拆迁合法性的质疑，结合在城市房屋拆迁的实践中出现的问题力求对相关法律制度的完善提出立法建议。     

论城市社会面的治安防控

城市社会面与市民的关系极为密切，其治安状况直接影响到市民的安全感。当前，影响社会面治安的主要因素是某些多发性犯罪，而要从根本上消除犯罪困难很大。公安机关应当转变思路，通过消除犯罪所需的时空条件和被害人条件来减少犯罪实施的可能性，进而减少和消除犯罪，实现社会面治安的迅速好转。     

GENDER AND ADOLESCENT RELATIONSHIP VIOLENCE: A CONTEXTUAL EXAMINATION*

A growing body of research examines the problem of adolescent dating violence. In these studies, fairly high rates of female‐to‐male violence have been documented, leading to considerable debate about the role of gender in dating and other partner violence. Drawing from a broader qualitative study of violence in the lives of African‐American youths from a distressed urban community, we weigh in on this debate by providing a contextual examination of the nature, circumstances, and meanings of adolescent dating violence. Our research shows that the meanings and consequences of girls ‘violence are strikingly different than those of boys’, and that both are grounded in gender inequalities. We conclude by discussing the significance of these findings for both feminist and general research on dating violence.     

Protection and Dignity in Johannesburg: Shortcomings of South Africa's Urban Refugee Policy

Since the end of apartheid, South African cities have becomedestinations for refugees and asylum seekers from across Africa.In line with its constitutional commitments to human rightsand dignity, South Africa has enacted a refugee policy intendedto maximize freedom and protection by promoting refugees' temporaryintegration into local communities. In doing so, the law guaranteesfreedom of movement, access to many social services, and rightsto compete in labour and housing markets. This article arguesthat because refugees and asylum seekers are effectively unableto convert these legal entitlements into effective protection,South Africa has failed to meet its domestic and internationalobligations. This argument draws particular attention to institutionalfailures in determining refugee status and issuing recognizableidentity documents; denial of essential social services; andabuse at the hands of law enforcement agents. It concludes bysuggesting a positive obligation for the state to counter thefull range of obstacles that prevent asylum seekers and refugeesfrom securing effective protection.     

浅谈城市房屋拆迁立法的完善

解决因城市房屋拆迁而引发的矛盾,完善相关的立法是途径之一.制定一部完整系统的调整和规范城市房屋拆迁方面的民事基本法律,严格区分公共利益的拆迁和商业性拆迁,根据其性质不同适用不同的处理原则;完善拆迁安置补偿规定,增加对被拆迁人土地使用权的补偿,从而保护被拆迁人完整的财产权.     

An Assessment of the Impact that Participation in Local Climate Networks Has on Cities’ Implementation of Climate,Energy, and Transportation Policies

Much of the attention surrounding local climate protection in the United States is associated with two networks: ICLEI Local Governments for Sustainability's Cities for Climate Protection and the U.S. Conference of Mayors’ Climate Protection Agreement (MCPA). However, the impact of these networks on member‐city actions has not been clearly established. This paper examines whether, and to what extent, participation in climate networks leads to the implementation of greenhouse gas (GHG)‐reducing policies, above and beyond what would have been done in their absence. To account for the possibility that cities which join climate networks are systematically different from those that do not and control for self‐selection induced bias, three statistical techniques—propensity score matching, Heckman full information maximum likelihood, and instrumental variables—are employed to estimate the “treatment effect” of participation. Results suggest that impact is network specific: ICLEI membership causes small to moderate increases in cities’ GHG‐relevant activity, whereas the MCPA has no such effect. The characteristics of each network are evaluated in light of these findings.     

广东促进城乡统筹发展的政府治理变革制度创新的启示——基于制度生态视角的个案分析

本文基于制度生态视角分析发现:在我国城乡统筹问题上,市场无力而农村社会发育不足,政府治理变革成为主要动力。广东的经验揭示出:市县治理是最佳的统筹空间,政府变革可以显著推进城乡统筹,地方政府治理变革要紧抓职能重组与机构再造,正视制度创新困境,关键要明确政府与市场、社会的分工,以组织系统学习能力的提升来激发内部动力。制度生态对制度创新具有约束与激励作用,而制度创新对制度生态具有适应与改造作用,广东虽面临一些亟需破解的问题,但良性的制度变迁路径已经确立。