中国青年志愿者行动与和谐社会的构建

党的十六届四中全会提出了构建社会主义和谐社会这一新的重要命题。中国青年志愿者行动在观念弘扬、实践运作、组织模式以及公民意识的培养上对我们构建社会主义和谐社会做出了可贵探索。在构建社会主义和谐社会视阈下认识和评估中国青年志愿者行动,不仅对于中国青年志愿者行动的发展具有指导意义,而且对于社会主义和谐社会的构建也有着非常重要的探索价值。     

The promotion of peace education through guides in peace museums. A case study of the Kyoto Museum for World Peace,Ritsumeikan University

This paper focuses on how peace education at a peace museum is promoted by a volunteer guide service for visitors. Peace museums are places where many materials related to war and peace history are on display. To support the learning experience of museum visitors, many peace museums in Japan provide a volunteer guide service. The Kyoto Museum for World Peace, Ritsumeikan University, started such a service more than 20 years ago. A citizens’ group, called Friends for Peace, is in charge of the museum guide activities in cooperation with the museum. This article explains the purposes and nature of the service, and also reports on a survey of similar services offered by other peace museums in Japan.     

Gender differences in European volunteer rates

The main goal of this research is to identify the reasons for gender differences in European volunteer rates in different types of voluntary organisations. To that end, we focus in volunteer rates at individual and national levels. We have drawn our data from the European Values Survey (EVS, 1999 and 2008). We have employed Logit models carrying out independent estimations for the individual likelihood of working as a volunteer for four categories: social awareness, professional, education and social justice. We have carried out independent estimations and we have also repeated estimations by gender subsamples. Our main result is that social factors might be even more relevant for decisions to volunteer than individual socio-economic factors. Specifying the peer group as much as possible allows better control of social variables. For example, studying the female volunteer rate is more relevant to control for the female national NGO membership rate than the total national rate. We also highlight important gender differences. For example, education is positively correlated with decisions to volunteer for both genders in all categories, but the educational effect is stronger for men in relation to professional activities and stronger for women in relation to social awareness and social justice activities.     

Vigilante justice and informal policing in post-Euromaidan Ukraine

During and after the Euromaidan, the Ukrainian society experienced an emergence of non-state groups that combined elements of civic activism and paramilitarism. They operated independently from the state and often used extra-legal violence to restore law and order, deliver justice, and protect Ukraine from external and internal threats. Their conduct closely resembles vigilantism. This article draws on the body of criminological and sociological research on vigilantism in order to understand the diverse landscape of vigilante groups in post-Euromaidan Ukraine. It explores the complex relationship between the most representative vigilante groups, the Ukrainian government, and the political and business elites; analyzes the legal boundaries of vigilantism in Ukraine; and discusses the outcomes of vigilante justice for democratic consolidation, rule of law, and human rights. This article offers a new paradigm for theorizing popular mobilization in Ukraine and sheds light on important dimensions of the formation of an informal system of policing and justice.     

新冠肺炎疫情防控中的“志愿者+社区社会组织”模式服务效力及其反思

在新冠肺炎疫情期间,社区的“志愿者+社区社会组织”实务模式在防控疫情蔓延、平缓居民心态、链接生活物资等方面发挥了重要作用。从志愿者参与途径看,“志愿者+社区社会组织”服务实践主要体现为价值取向中的个体主动、从众压力下的群体驱动、基于科层权威的单位组织、社区自治组织发动的“网格+志愿服务”、注重多元主体协同的混合五种具体模式,并在防疫工作中发挥了各自效力。该实务模式尚存志愿者和社区社会组织工作人员的定位分化、志愿服务风险系数高、志愿者疫情防控能力不足等突出问题。为推进志愿服务参与社区社会组织的疫情防控效率,须明晰组织与志愿者之间的合作基础,实施志愿服务的成本收益分析,筛选合适的志愿服务模式,总结疫情防控的基本经验,推动志愿服务的制度化建设。     

志愿服务主体法律关系探讨

近年我国志愿服务事业得以蓬勃发展,亟需将志愿服务纳入法制化轨道。志愿活动中纠纷的处理、责任的承担等,都需要首先对志愿服务主体法律关系予以明确界定。志愿服务的核心精神自愿性、无偿性、利他性决定了志愿者、志愿者服务组织、志愿者服务对象之间的关系建立在具有服务与帮助性质的帮工合同、委托合同基础上。志愿服务主体地位平等,志愿服务导致的损害,责任方应承担民事侵权责任。     

河北省参与"西部计划"大学生志愿者情况调查分析

对2003年河北省服务西部大学生志愿者的调查表明,他们参与"西部计划"的动机主要为"国家需要"、"自我锻炼",98%的志愿者表示对未来1～2年的服务"有信心",多数志愿者表示服务期满后会考虑继续留在西部.同时,调查也发现服务期满后的就业问题是这些志愿者最担忧的问题.     

论我国社区矫正工作人员的"1+X"模式

我国社区矫正工作人员的构成应采用"1+X"模式.在"1+X"模式下,"1"指矫正官,是专职从事社区矫正工作的国家公务员,主要从事社区矫正过程的刑罚执行、行政管理等工作."X"指除矫正官以外的工作人员,包括司法社工、社区矫正志愿者等,应由社会组织担任,主要从事社区矫正过程中的服务性工作.     

试论日据时期的台籍日本兵——皇民化运动负面影响之再探讨

皇民化运动时期,一部分台湾人作为台籍日本兵被强征进入日本军队,这些人既有被迫及无奈而参加的,也有小部分是志愿加入的,但此中志愿包含殖民统治高压下心灵扭曲的背景。至于极少数受殖民主义、军国主义毒害者,则应予以揭露。台籍日本兵的历史告诉人们,皇民化运动确曾给台湾社会带来了一定的负面影响,但同时也不必过高估计这种影响。     

社区志愿服务的类型、内容与形式

中国社区志愿服务发展迄今，已经逐步形成了相对完善的覆盖面和服务领域，开发出丰富的服务类型、内容和形式其服务类型主要是救济型、互助型、公共服务型、公民参与型；并探讨了社区志愿服务的内容，以及社区志愿服务的形式。