Foreign Fighters in Iraq: A Cross-National Analysis of Jihadism

Statistics on the national origin of almost one thousand killed and captured foreign fighters in Iraq reveal noticeable differences among Muslim majority countries in their jihadism rate (number of fighters/million population). These cross-national differences are used to test different theories as to the causes of Islamist extremism. The findings do not support those theories which see the cause of jihadism in the political and economic failures of Muslim societies, since the foreign fighters come from the more developed countries. The foreign fighters also come from the more religious societies, and from those societies “occupied” by U.S. or Israeli military forces.     

企业志愿服务的价值及其实现机制

企业志愿服务作为一种新型的志愿服务形式,具有实现个体、企业和社会多赢的价值。为此,应通过大力普及志愿理念、弘扬志愿精神,建立健全教育培训机制、企业志愿服务项目拓展机制、实绩评估机制、志愿服务激励机制和志愿服务的保障机制等,进而推动企业志愿服务健康、良性、可持续发展,以更好地实现企业志愿服务的价值。     

中美大学生志愿服务激励机制的比较研究

从来源上看,国家的合法性认同、高校的创新管理、志愿组织与志愿者之间的关系是大学生志愿服务激励机制的重要方面。中美大学生志愿服务激励机制的比较结果表明：志愿服务是一种“有限自愿”行为,需要强化国家在法律规章合法性建构方面的主导性,提升大学生志愿服务在国家社会生活中的显著度;大学生志愿服务行动呈“弥散分布结构”,需要高校建立统一认证考评体系,并将其纳入课程学分、就业指标与素质教育的框架;志愿组织培育好与志愿者的关系,以平等沟通与深度参与方式开发志愿服务的多元活动网络,有助于从内在的满足感与成就感方面激发大学生的志愿热情。