农村社会保障的意义及对策

农村社会保障制度是我国整个社会保障体系的重要组成部分 ,是农村社会发展的客观要求 ,是乡村政治发展的社会基础和必然选择。农村社会保障制度的建立和推行 ,进一步深化了农村改革 ,促进农村社会主义市场经济的建立 ,推动了乡村政治的发展 ,为农村城市化、现代化的实现准备了条件     

Decentralization as a strategy of regime maintenance: The case of Yemen

Proponents of decentralization often argue that decentralization makes governments more accountable and responsive to the governed. This is perhaps why the decentralization literature tends to overlook Middle Eastern regimes as these are among the most authoritarian and most centralized regimes in the world. However, many of these regimes have included decentralization in their legal framework. This article shows how a weak regime can use decentralization as a regime maintenance strategy when formal decentralization reforms strengthens external and internal legitimacy. The articles main argument builds on the literature on decentralization and elite capture to show how weak regimes can use formal decentralization reform to undermine local autonomy. The article uses the case of Yemen to make this argument. Yemen has a long tradition for local bottom-up initiatives and there is widespread internal support for decentralization. Simultaneously, donors have seen decentralization as a way of strengthening the Yemeni state, leading to international support to the formulation of the Local Authority Law of 2000, Law 4/2000, an extensive legal decentralization framework.     

“多无一体”的困境:我国养老服务体系的一个理解路径

我国养老服务模式的特点是政府主导下的“多元一体”,即“多元”参与者从属于政府主导的“一体”。这一模式的背景是我国在快速老龄化的过程中,政府、市场、社会多元主体的“缺失”。因此21世纪初开始了政府主动发育市场和社会的“社会福利社会化”的过程。但是目前仍存在市场发育和社会发育的困境:市场困境的主要问题在于公共筹资的不足导致没有形成足够购买力的市场,以及公共资源的配置结构造成公平性欠缺;而社会困境的主要问题则在于政府发育出的社会仍有更多行政化的特点,而缺乏一定程度的独立性。足够的筹资和恰当的支付方式,以及一定程度的独立,是走出困境的关键。     

行政区划体制合宪性问题的国际比较与借鉴

对于我国出现的行政区划体制合宪性问题,国际上德国、法国及日本都有各自的宪法性案例及宪法性解释可供比较与借鉴。宪法对地方组织体制的规定不可能十分详细,我国地级市设置及市管县体制是合宪的。虽然国家立法者拥有广泛的裁量权,但行政区划相关法律制定应遵循一定的宪法性原则,行政区划实施也应有法律来规范以保证其严肃性。     

Abortion Needs or Abortion Rights? Claiming State Accountability for Women’s Reproductive Welfare

The Family Planning Association Northern Ireland (F.P.A.N.I.) has recently been successful in holding the state accountable for its duty to safeguard women’s reproductive health and welfare, and clarify the circumstances in which abortion is lawful. By demanding that the Minister for Health investigate abortion provision and produce abortion guidance, F.P.A.N.I. hope to improve the quality of abortion services and alleviate the situation of those women who are legally entitled to abortion in Northern Ireland but cannot access it there. This action has challenged a public failure which impacts most negatively on those women who cannot easily escape its effects. Although the case succeeded in shaming the state for such a failure, the judicial review strategy could not challenge the legal ethos which denies women a say over their reproductive lives. This case commentary argues that pro-choice strategic litigation needs to positively and generally assert women’s reproductive rights at the same time as it seeks to accommodate the needs of the most vulnerable.     

“Staatswirtschaftslehre”—A Component of “Staatswissenschaften” Today and Tomorrow

The paper starts from problems of reorganization of the Welfare State. The second paragraph contains definitions and materials. The third paragraph turns to the development of Staatswissenschaften, especially to cameralistic views, public choice and deregulation. The fourth section deals with present Staatswirtschaftslehre as a component of Staatswissenschaften. The fifth paragraph is focussed on deregulation and reorganization of the state.The paper demonstrates: Staatswissenschaften and Staatswirtschaftslehre will be important academic disciplines also tomorrow, though the State will be reorganized by privatization, non-government-organizations and rearrangements of private and public sector activities under the conditions of new technologies and open markets.     

The Public Interest Theory of Regulation: Non-Existence or Misinterpretation?

The Public Interest Theory of regulation explains, in general terms, that regulation seeks the protection and benefit of the public at large. This paper argues that possibly the Public Interest Theory does not exist as such for reasons that will be discussed later. In addition, the paper contends that the Stigler's and Posner's characterisation of the Public Interest Theory has similarities with the welfare economics rationale for regulation. Nevertheless, the similarities do not prove or deny a connection between both the concepts of public interest and the welfare economics rationale for regulation.     

WTO与中国实验动物福利保护制度体系的构建

WTO对中国实验动物福利保护法律制度的构建提出了新的要求。中国目前的实验动物福利保护制度虽然存在与WTO规则接轨的众多障碍性因素,但也存在与WTO规则接轨的基本条件。为了进一步促进我国实验动物贸易的自由化和国际化,应借鉴国外的成熟立法经验,构建与WTO规则接轨的符合中国国情的实验动物福利保护制度体系。     

繁荣来自竞争福利为了大众——公平效率关系的欧洲模式及其反思

公平和效率的关系是一个世界性难题。欧洲"福利国家"试图解决这个难题,其成果具有一定的借鉴价值。欧洲模式的困境源自国家社会责任的过犹不及,矫正国家经济干预越位和社会责任缺位同样是我国当前改革发展的着力点。科学发展与和谐社会的新理念将统领、导引我国经济与社会协调、公平效率兼顾的发展模式创新。     

Mixing God's Work and the Public Business: A Framework for the Analysis of Faith‐Based Service Delivery

Over the past thirty years, there has been a dramatic transformation in the way the American political process operates. There has been a growing public perception that traditional political institutions lack the capacity to meet existing challenges. This has led many observers to call for a rethinking of how government does its work. Numerous alternatives, including the use of faith‐based organizations, have been suggested. The current popular debate on the appropriate role of faith‐based organizations in public service delivery has shed little light on a number of important issues raised by engaging such actors in governance issues. The impact of using faith‐based institutions to design and implement public policy must be considered not only in terms of traditional evaluation standards, but also regarding potential long‐term impacts on the political process itself. This article outlines a theoretical framework for the evaluation of faith‐based organizations as “alternatives” to conventional governance structures. It identifies key practical and theoretical issues raised by such substitution, in both short and long range systemic terms.