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1.
Families struggling with a breakdown in communication, trying to control the behavior of an unruly child, or experiencing a crisis often look for outside help. Many families, particularly those without resources to pay for private support, turn to their local status offense system. Status offenders are young people charged with behavior unique to their status as juveniles such as running away, truancy, or disobedience. In 2007, Congress will begin to consider reauthorization of the Juvenile Justice Delinquency Prevention Act (JJDPA), the federal act related to status‐offender policy. By providing an overview of recent state status‐offense legislation and case law, this article identifies issues to be addressed by Congress in reauthorizing the JJDPA. 相似文献
2.
Robert A. Lonardo Peggy C. Giordano Monica A. Longmore Wendy D. Manning 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(3):367-383
Adolescent networks include parents, friends, and romantic partners, but research on the social learning mechanisms related
to delinquency has not typically examined the characteristics of all three domains simultaneously. Analyses draw on data from
the Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study (n = 957), and our analytic sample contains 51% male and 49% female as well as 69% white, 24% African-American, and 7% Latino
respondents. Parents,’ peers,’ and partners’ deviance are each related to respondents’ delinquency, and affiliation with a
greater number of deviant networks is associated with higher self-reported involvement. Analyses that consider enmeshment
type indicate that those with both above average romantic partner and friend delinquency report especially high levels of
self-reported involvement. In all comparisons, adolescents with deviant romantic partners are more delinquent than those youths
with more prosocial partners, regardless of friends’ and parents’ behavior. Findings highlight the importance of capturing
the adolescent’s entire network of affiliations, rather than viewing these in isolation, and suggest the need for additional
research on romantic partner influences on delinquent behavior and other adolescent outcomes.
相似文献
Robert A. LonardoEmail: |
3.
回顾我国青少年犯罪研究30年的历程可以发现,青少年犯罪研究不仅仅推动了青少年犯罪学与犯罪学的产生,还在推动国家和社会公众重视解决青少年犯罪问题、促成矫正主义青少年犯罪观的形成、促进青少年犯罪刑事政策的形成与完善,以及推动未成年人专门立法的诞生、少年司法制度的建立等方面均发挥了重要的作用.与此同时,30年来的青少年犯罪研究也存在着学科独立性的缺失、研究对象界定的悖论、实证研究方法的缺失、青少年犯罪研究专业槽的缺失、青少年犯罪研究各学科之间的隔阂与分裂等严重不足. 相似文献
4.
Marvella A. Bowman Hazel M. Prelow Scott R. Weaver 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2007,36(4):517-527
The aim of the present study was to examine a model positing that association with deviant peers mediates the relation between
adolescent perceived parenting behaviors (maternal monitoring and involvement), the interaction of these parenting behaviors,
and delinquency in a sample of 135 urban African American adolescents (13–19 years of age). Regression analyses revealed a
monitoring by involvement interaction among African American females, suggesting that maternal monitoring may effectively
reduce delinquency among African American female adolescents, and that this reduction may be enhanced by increased maternal
involvement. Among African American males, only the relation between association with deviant peers and delinquency was supported,
suggesting that maternal parenting behaviors may, in isolation, be insufficient in the prevention of delinquent behaviors
in African American male adolescents. The results suggest that the pathways from parenting to association with deviant peers
and delinquency may differ in males and females, and the salience of certain parenting behaviors may differ across gender.
This article is based on research that was submitted by the first author in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the
master’s degree in psychology at the University at Albany, State University of New York. Support for this research was provided
by a Faculty Research Award to the second author.
Doctoral student in the Clinical Psychology Program at the University at Albany, State University of New York. Her major research
interests include risk and resiliency processes in minority youth and measurement equivalence of risk and resiliency constructs.
Assistant professor in the Department of Psychology at the University at Albany, State University of New York. She received
her Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology from the University of North Texas. Her major research interests are ecocultural models of
risk and resiliency in minority youth and measurement equivalence of risk and resiliency constructs.
Post-doctoral fellow with the Prevention Research Center at Arizona State University. He received his Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology
from the University at Albany, State University of New York. His major research interests are ecocultural models of risk and
resiliency in children, preventive intervention development for diverse children, and quantitative methodology and applications
in developmental and cross-cultural psychology. 相似文献
5.
Eva R. Kimonis Paul J. Frick Jennifer L. Skeem Monica A. Marsee Keith Cruise Luna C. Munoz Katherine J. Aucoin Amanda S. Morris 《International journal of law and psychiatry》2008,31(3):241
The presence of callous–unemotional (CU) traits designates an important subgroup of antisocial youth. To improve upon existing measures, the Inventory of Callous–Unemotional Traits (ICU) was developed to provide an efficient, reliable, and valid assessment of CU traits in samples of youth. The current study tests the factor structure and correlates of the ICU scale in a sample (n = 248) of juvenile offenders (188 boys, 60 girls) between the ages of 12 and 20 (M = 15.47, SD = 1.37). Confirmatory factor analyses are consistent with the presence of three independent factors (i.e., Uncaring, Callousness, and Unemotional) that relate to a higher-order callous–unemotional dimension. Also, CU traits overall showed associations with aggression, delinquency, and both psychophysiological and self-report indices of emotional reactivity. There were some important differences across the three facets of the ICU in their associations with these key external criteria. 相似文献
6.
School is regarded as a central arena for crime prevention. This study analyses the effects of student perceptions of school contextual aspects on self-reported offending, using logistic regression with control for clustering effects. The data comprise a census of pupils in year nine in comprehensive school (15 year olds) and in year two of upper secondary school (17 year olds) in the City of Stockholm in 2006, 2008 and 2010 (n = 25,850 of which 47% are boys and 53% are girls). Besides showing that several aspects of students’ perceptions of the school setting have direct protective effects on offending, the study shows that perceiving schoolwork as meaningful appears to moderate the effect of adverse home conditions on delinquency for boys. The only aspect of school investigated in this study that was not significantly related to offending was the perception of classroom order, indicating that emotional support from teachers is more important for crime preventive implications than maintaining order in the classroom. Controlling for clustering effects shows differences in offending between classes and schools that are not produced by differences between the students. 相似文献
7.
在中央关于新一轮司法体制和工作机制改革若干意见中明确提出"有条件地建立未成年人轻罪犯罪记录消灭制度",最高人民法院"三五改革纲要"也提出"配合有关部门有条件地建立未成年人轻罪犯罪记录消灭制度",未成年人犯罪记录消灭制度作为今后司法改革的内容之一,已经被提上日程。对我国各地司法试点探索情况的比较分析,揭示未成年人轻罪记录消灭实践的成功经验及存在问题,探析轻罪记录消灭制度构建的相关问题,以刑法的最新修订动向为导向,提出构建我国未成年人轻罪记录消灭制度的建议。 相似文献
8.
王刚 《云南警官学院学报》2011,(3)
新型毒品违法犯罪现象在甘肃省日趋严重,已给和谐社会的构建带来极大危害.甘肃省作为全国毒品问题严重省份之一,必须引起高度重视.加强对新型毒品违法犯罪的研究,提高防范和打击力度,已成为甘肃省禁毒执法部门亟须解决的问题. 相似文献
9.
Schwalbe CS 《Law and human behavior》2007,31(5):449-462
Risk assessment instruments are increasingly employed by juvenile justice settings to estimate the likelihood of recidivism among delinquent juveniles. In concert with their increased use, validation studies documenting their predictive validity have increased in number. The purpose of this study was to assess the average predictive validity of juvenile justice risk assessment instruments and to identify risk assessment characteristics that are associated with higher predictive validity. A search of the published and grey literature yielded 28 studies that estimated the predictive validity of 28 risk assessment instruments. Findings of the meta-analysis were consistent with effect sizes obtained in larger meta-analyses of criminal justice risk assessment instruments and showed that brief risk assessment instruments had smaller effect sizes than other types of instruments. However, this finding is tentative owing to limitations of the literature. 相似文献
10.
《Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice》2013,11(1):37-61
Abstract This paper examines the relationship between family processes and delinquency. A multiethnic sample was utilized to determine whether the impact of parental attachment, involvement and supervision on delinquency is consistent across Latino, White and African American youth. Analysis of two waves of data from the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth indicates that relationships are not identical across ethnic and gender groups. Group differences uncovered by the current study are consistent with earlier research on family processes and suggest that both ethnicity and gender are important considerations when estimating the influence of the family on delinquent behavior. Theoretical and policy implications of group differences are discussed. 相似文献