论人格形成责任

人格责任是以相对意志自由论为根据,折衷道义责任论和社会责任论提出的一种归责方法。人格责任由行为责任和人格形成责任两个层次构成。基于责任判断的伦理性和整体性标准,人格形成责任直接影响定罪。大陆法系刑法理论上的刑事责任与我国的刑事责任有所不同,但人格形成责任的理论仍然可以在部分刑事责任能力、过失累犯等问题上为我们提供借鉴。     

The Impact of Tax Reduction on the Chinese Urban Household's Comsupation Gap——Analysis of Consumer Behavior Based on Price Effect

By studying the elasticity of consumption demand of urban households at different income levels and the price effect of tax reduction, we can analyze the effect of tax reduction on the consumption gap of urban residents. The results show that the marginal expenditure share of all kinds of urban households' consumption does not necessarily change linearly between income levels, and there is heterogeneity between consumption behaviors at different income levels. VAT rate cut could effectively reduce the input and output unit costs and prices, contributes all categories of consumption price index to decline. Notably, such price decline is relatively remarkable in the health, social work and social security department in the service sector, which decreases the urban household's health care consumer price index and reduces the corresponding expenditure. Overall, the tax reduction can effectively close the consumption gap among urban households, but the consumption gap between the middle-income households and the low-income households still requires close attention. In view of this, the relevant policies can further alleviate the consumption gap from improving the equalization of public services, implementing the effect of tax reduction and improving the consumption tax system.     

Resilience in Sexually Abused Women: Risk and Protective Factors

The goal of this study was to evaluate the contribution of family characteristics (family conflict and cohesion) and abuse characteristics (age at which abuse occurred, abuse severity, and relationship to perpetrator) to resilience (self-acceptance, ability to engage in positive relationships with others, and environmental mastery) in a sample of one hundred and 77 university women who had experienced childhood sexual abuse (CSA). The respondents completed a questionnaire that focused on childhood experiences including family environment in childhood, characteristics of the abuse they had experienced in addition to degree of current resilience defined as their level of well-being (self-acceptance, ability to engage in positive relationships with others, and environmental mastery). The results indicated that family characteristics accounted for 13–22% of the variance in the well-being outcomes. In contrast, abuse characteristics accounted for 3% or less of the variance in the well-being outcomes. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.     

Relationship Between Dissociative and Medically Unexplained Symptoms in Men and Women Reporting Childhood Sexual Abuse

The relationship between the dissociative and somatic symptoms in a clinical sample of 216 women and 35 men survivors of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) was examined. Symptom patterns were measured by the Dissociative Experiences Scale, the Somatization Scale of the Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL-90-R), and the Hypochondriasis, Hysteria, Health Concerns, and Harris–Lingoes Somatic Complaints Scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2. Somatization and dissociation were related, but not at a great enough magnitude to suggest that somatic symptoms as a generic category are an integral component of dissociation. With the exception of one of the measures of somatization, the SCL-90-R somatization scale, no significant differences were found between men and women CSA survivors in symptom levels. However, the relationship between somatization and dissociation was stronger in women than in men. The findings of this study should be considered preliminary and interpreted with considerable caution, since the scales used probably are of limited validity.     

回溯与前瞻——女性性自治权的刑法保护

性侵犯罪的历史是一个从财产到权利的演变过程,从性侵犯罪的沿革来看,刑法对于性自治权的保护呈上升趋势,侵犯性自治权犯罪的起刑点在不断降低。我国刑法在性侵犯罪中仍然存在对女性的歧视,这不符合国际公约的标准。当前,应当进一步降低性侵犯罪的入罪起点,将婚内强奸、疏忽性侵犯规定为犯罪,同时设立新的同意标准。     

行为理论之反思与选择——以大陆法系“阶层”的犯罪论体系为视角

基于行为是犯罪存在的基本形式，有必要对行为理论存在的必要性和重要性予以确定，并在对诸行为理论了解、分析的基础上，选择适当的行为理论贯彻到犯罪成立理论当中。     

谈对侦查行为的监督

侦查行为是在侦查过程中实施的、是侦查程序的核心,是侦查机关履行收集犯罪证据、揭露证实犯罪、查获犯罪嫌疑人、行使侦查权的一种外在表现形式。为了防止侦查机关在实施侦查行为时滥用侦查权力,就必须建立有效的监督机制。文章从侦查行为的特点入手,根据侦查行为监督的必要性,实施内部监督与外部监督相结合,从而达到对侦查行为的全面监督,确保侦查行为的合法性。     

The Effect of Maltreatment Co-occurrence on Emotional Harm among Sexually Abused Children

This paper examines whether sexual abuse is more harmful to children if it occurs simultaneously with other types of maltreatment. While past studies have examined the relationships between these variables, few have a large enough sample size to adequately assess the contribution of co-occurring child maltreatment to emotional harm. Data from the Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect (CIS) showed a nonsignificant effect of co-occurring sexual abuse on emotional harm once controls for child and maltreatment characteristics were added. Co-occurring sexual abuse appears to have a stronger effect on emotional harm among 12- to 15-year-olds and girls.     

中小企业组织创新的行为特征分析

创新是中小企业生存与发展之本。然而,在市场经济体制下,我们不能通过强制的办法让企业组织创新,要尊重企业组织行为的规律,了解影响其创新生理动机和社会动机的因素,为之创造条件,满足其创新需要,强化其创新动机。     

青少年网络犯罪的因素分析

青少年网络犯罪产生的因素有个体因素和环境因素两个方面。生理原因及贪利、逆反、侥幸、猎奇、孤僻和寻找社会归属感等心理因素是青少年网络犯罪产生的个体因素；放纵和关爱缺失的家庭氛围，过度关注应试的学校教育，社会上大量不良的网络信息和对网络的监管不力是造成青少年网络犯罪的主要环境因素。