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241.
《Patterns of Prejudice》2012,46(1):58-77
ABSTRACT

Goodheart's narrative of the death penalty in early Connecticut argues that the racist depiction of black men as violent sexual predators who preyed on white women goes back hundreds of years and flourished in New England. The depiction of African American men as lascivious and dangerous was well established during slave times. The resulting prosecutorial treatment of black-on-white rape was remarkably consistent during the colonial and early national period. After the only white man was hanged for rape in 1693, the remaining five executions were all of Blacks. No one of any race was hanged for the rape of a Native American or African American woman. A marker of the marginalization of African Americans is that the final person hanged in Connecticut for a crime other than homicide was a black man for rape in 1817. This persistent pattern of prejudice is a telling example of the impact of race on criminal justice, especially the capital crime of rape.  相似文献   
242.
《Patterns of Prejudice》2012,46(5):497-518
ABSTRACT

After the Second World War, Australia introduced a new immigration policy based on the concept of ‘populate or perish’. Through the International Refugee Organization (IRO), 170,000 DPs migrated to Australia between 1947 and 1950, funded by the United Nations and the Australian government. Jews were largely excluded from this programme and the Minister for Immigration even prohibited the IRO from continuing to support the migration to Australia, based on family reunion, of individual Jewish survivors. In addition, the Australian government introduced other discriminatory policies that ensured that Jews remained only 0.5 per cent of the overall population. Based on archival research in the files of the Hebrew Immigration Aid Society and the American Joint Distribution Committee, Rutland and Encel analyse the entrenched racism in Australian society that contributed to these policies, and the reactions of the American Jewish leadership to them.  相似文献   
243.
STAR METRICS is a data platform that is being voluntarily and collaboratively developed by U.S. federal science agencies and research institutions to describe investments in science and their results. It initially emerged as a result of reporting requirements associated with the 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act; it has developed in response to a recognized need to begin to systematically document federal investments in science and their immediate and long‐term results. The eventual goal is to draw information from existing data on scientific and economic activities as well as from research institutions' and federal science agencies' systems to provide data that can be used for a more scientific analysis of science investments and their outcomes.  相似文献   
244.
This study of post-World War II political refugees from Latvia in the United States during the 1970s and 1980s uses data from American and Latvian periodicals, printed materials and archival records to uncover the complexities in small immigrant groups’ collective memory, political position and relations with the dominant group. When a number of Latvians were accused by the Office of Special Investigations of having lied on their immigration forms about their collaboration with the Nazis, this story gained political undertones and propelled the émigré community into an intra-group debate over its history and public image.  相似文献   
245.
《Justice Quarterly》2012,29(4):680-704
This paper tests core tenets of the theory of African-American offending proposed by Unnever and Gabbidon. Their theory posits that African-Americans have a common worldview on matters of race that is related to their offending. However, Unnever and Gabbidon further hypothesize that immigrant blacks do not fully embrace the worldview shared by US-born blacks. Using a 2008 national Gallup poll, we examine whether US-born blacks share a common worldview and whether foreign-born blacks differ in their opinions on key issues including: criminal injustices, the state of American race relations, attitudes towards immigration and illegal immigrants, and the perception of mobility within American society. The results partially confirm their two key hypotheses; there are no entrenched differences in the public opinions of US-born blacks on race-related matters while immigrant blacks do not wholly endorse their worldview. We discuss the implications of these two findings in relation to how scholars conceptualize offending among blacks.  相似文献   
246.
Research consistently reveals that fear of crime and perceived risk are demographically and ecologically patterned. Women and individuals in disadvantaged community settings report increased fear and perceptions of risk. For women, these fears and perceptions are tied to concerns about sexual violence specifically, whereas for individuals in distressed neighborhoods, crime rates, “incivilities,” and poor police‐community relations are often identified as important correlates. Here, we build from the insights of previous research by examining the gendered nature of perceived risk and risk‐management strategies among urban African‐American adolescents. Our findings suggest that both risk and risk‐avoidance strategies are strikingly different for young women and young men and are shaped by the gendered organizational features of neighborhood life. We propose that future research will benefit by continuing to investigate how social vulnerabilities function in tandem to structure risks across ecological settings.  相似文献   
247.
我国的法官制度改革在立足于法治本土资源的基础上,可以借鉴美国的做法,因为美国作为当今世界法治文明最发达的国家之一,在法官制度的设计上积累了丰富的实践经验。在改革的具体措施上要做好以下几方面工作:从优秀的律师群体中遴选法官,并设立专门的法官速选委员会;切实提高法官的保障力度,保证法官能够依法独立审判;制定一部专门的法官惩戒法,并设立独立的法官惩戒委员会。  相似文献   
248.
布莱克斯通在其《英国法释义》中充分阐述了他的自然法学说,并在继承洛克个人自然财产权理论的基础上,提出了个人绝对财产权观念。且认为这种绝对财产权来源于"占有",进而提出劳动—占有理论。布莱克斯通的这种基于融入劳动的占有即产生个人绝对自然财产权的理论,对美国财产法自然权利理论的形成具有重大而深远的影响,并直接培植了美国财产法理念中的个人绝对财产权观。  相似文献   
249.
普雷维什的中心—外围理论虽然诞生于60年前,但在全球经济高度一体化的今天,依然有较强的解释力。当今世界形成了以美国为中心国,以欧洲和大部分新兴市场国家、发展中国家为外围国的格局。美元本位制既是这一新格局的鲜明体现,又进一步强化了这一格局。本文认为当前的国际分工格局除具有整体性、差异性、不平等性特点外,还具有自强化性的特点。这些特点决定了尽管美元本位制存在深刻的矛盾,但其为新的国际货币体系所取代将是长期而反复的过程。  相似文献   
250.
2008年美国次贷危机引起的金融风暴席卷全球,导致全球经济形势低迷,而经济萧条从来都是贸易保护主义滋生的温床。贸易保护主义随之抬头,美国颁布《美国复兴与再投资法案》中有一条购买美国货条款引起了国际社会的强烈反对。本文就购买美国货条款进行浅析,以WTO规则为依据,分析其贸易保护实质。  相似文献   
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