U.S. CLS

This essay offers a brief account of the rise of cls thought in the United States and of its development within a largely hostile legal academy. As the essay suggests, cls thought has been variously deformed, arrested, normalized, and diffused – leaving the contemporary American legal academy in a state of suspended animation. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

去偏求和:透视美国媒体近年来对华报道的定势因素

受多种原因的影响,美国的媒体报道尤其是针对中国的报道往往有失偏颇,甚至可以说是荒谬的偏见。本文通过分析美国媒体的荒谬报道及其背后的文化定势机制,提示美国媒体必须抛弃偏见,彻底摒弃几百年来的文化定势,在理解和和谐中谋求世界各国的共同发展。     

Race-Based Peremptory Challenges: An Empirical Analysis of Litigation from the U.S. Court of Appeals, 2002–2006

This paper examines race-based peremptory challenges. Such challenges occur during the voir dire jury selection process. The process allows both the defense and the prosecution to strike jurors who they believe will not decide cases fairly. However, in the case of Batson v. Kentucky 476 U.S. 79 (1986), the Supreme Court ruled that race could not be used as a factor in eliminating prospective jurors. This paper examines federal litigation for five years in which it was alleged that race was used as a factor in removing a juror. An examination of the cases revealed that most of the cases involved sole male litigants who allege that there were multiple race-based peremptory challenges used in their cases. Moreover, most of the cases that led to the allegations involved violent offenses. Other case characteristics are noted, but of most significance was the finding that most appellants lost their cases. As such, the courts felt that most of the challenges were, in fact, race neutral. The implications of this research are discussed. This study was funded by an undergraduate research grant from Penn State University.     

布什政府在东南亚的三重战略及走向

布什政府在东南亚展开的一系列外交活动中，有着明晰的战略目标。它在这一地区的战略目标有3个方面：美国价值观的推行、双边关系的建立和加强、参与并影响地区进程。对上述三重战略走向分别进行阐述分析后，笔者认为，美国会继续推行它的既定战略，但是会遇到一定的阻力。     

北美投资移民立法之启迪

各国制定移民法的宗旨为：通过立法对移民的规模、构成、素质以及经济能力进行调控，以达到为本国政治、经济和安全各项利益服务的目的。因此，各国移民法的共同特点是在体现迁徙自由和人道主义的国际法原则下，以最低成本吸引他国专业技术人才和资本，从而促进本国社会和经济的发展。其中，近年以美国、加拿大及其魁北克省为代表的投资移民立法就是这种趋势的典型反映。因此，笔者拟就北美国家关于投资移民的立法进行比较评析，同时研讨中国关于投资移民立法的前景。     

梭罗的个人主义理想与个人的道德良心

19世纪美国超验主义思想家H.D.梭罗的个人主义深受美国传统渊源的影响,同时也颇具个性,主要体现在他对"个人道德良心"的呼唤.他把个人良心看作比法律更高的一种道德原则.他主张:个人利益高于机构利益.任何机构化了的组织不能将自己的意志强加于人,而应当尊重每一个人的权利,使人人有机会按自己的良心行事,实现自己的生活目标.梭罗的<论公民不服从>和<瓦尔登湖>这两部作品集中表达了他的个人主义的观点,梭罗正是从个人道德良心的角度来阐释其个人主义主张的.他的个人主义理想影响了美国民族文化的建构,并已成为整个美国文化的一个重要组成部分.     

The Early Cold War and American Political Development: Reflections on Recent Research

This paper is a review essay of three books representing new research into the relationship between Cold War mobilization and postwar American political development: Michael Hogan, A Cross of Iron: Harry S. Truman and the Origins of the National Security State, 1945–1954 (Cambridge University Press, 1998); Guy Oakes, The Imaginary War: Civil Defense and American Cold War Culture (Oxford University Press, 1994); and Peter Trubowitz, Defining the National Interest: Conflict and Change in American Foreign Policy (University of Chicago Press, 1998).     

日本区域一体化战略排斥中国的地缘政治动机与对策

进入新世纪以来,日本逐步调整了其传统的不参与区域经济集团的政策,对区域合作的态度日趋积极,并且形成了较为系统和明确的区域一体化战略(即EPA战略)。日本的区域一体化战略存在明显的排斥中国的倾向。这种倾向产生的原因是多方面的,但其中最主要的则是政治因素特别是日本的地缘政治战略。日本的区域一体化战略存在着明显的地缘政治战略特征。对于日本区域一体化战略排斥我国的倾向,我国政府需要予以高度重视,并采取正确的应对措施。     

有用的宪法与有限的宪法——奥巴马的宪法观研究

美国现任总统奥巴马曾有长达十年以上芝加哥大学法学院宪法教师的经历，研究其宪法观有多方面的意义。奥巴马对宪法的讨论集中在他的大作《无畏的希望》第三章“我们的宪法”中，其核心观点是：宪法既是有用的，也是有限的。奥巴马的宪法观启示我们不要疏远宪法、不要迷信宪法、不要苛求宪法。     

Going Down on Good Neighbours: Imagining América in Hollywood Movies of the 1930s and 1940s (Flying Down to Rio and Down Argentine Way)

During the Good Neighbor Era of the 1930s and 1940s, the USA sought to normalise relations with Latin America in order to promote hemispheric unity, particularly so after the outbreak of the Second World War, which provoked anxiety about transatlantic trade routes and South American attitudes towards the Axis. An Office of the Co-ordinator of Inter-American Affairs was established, which in turn set up a Motion Picture Division. The Division pressed for a Latin American specialist to monitor and control representations of Latin America via the Production Code Administration. The attempt to promote positive portrayals of Latin Americans assisted a boom in musical comedies dealing with North Americans visiting their southern neighbours. This article examines an early precursor, Flying Down to Rio (1933), and a full-blown Good Neighbor movie, Down Argentine Way (1940). The article uncovers, behind the optimistic projection of neighbourliness, hidden tensions and deep-rooted anxieties about American identities.