回归与重构:服务行政在中国的源起

服务行政是与传统的干涉行政截然不同的行政类型,它随着社会经济的发展而形成。对中国而言,1949年后的计划经济体制本身即以对公民和社会的全面负责为己任,但这种全面负责以牺牲个体的主体性为代价,并非行政法意义上的服务行政。因此,服务行政顺理成章地出现于从全能政府回归有限政府的改革过程中。     

信赖保护与相对人授益权的实现

信赖保护原则作为政府行为的道德底线、行政法治化的内容和经济效益的需求,有助于实现授益行政行为的预期目标。信赖保护可以并且应当体现在授益行政行为过程中的多个环节,比如本着诚信原则作出授益行政行为,不得随意改变其依据,非经法定程序不得任意撤销和废止授益行政行为等等。     

The Gambling Act 2005: Regulatory Containment and Market Control

The Act marks a fundamental shift from legislative to market control of gambling. While plans for Las Vegas style casinos and internet gambling sites in Britain have suffered setbacks, restrictions on the availability, advertising and stimulation of demand for gambling, enshrined in the Gaming Act 1968, have been abandoned. In their place, a new regulatory body, the Gambling Commission, has been established to take primary responsibility for ensuring that three licensing objectives are promoted. These objectives are the prevention of crime and disorder, the conduct of gambling in a fair and open way and the protection of children and the vulnerable. The Commission has been given strong and wide ranging powers to regulate gambling, but can the safeguards proposed meet the challenge presented by a gambling industry released from restraints?     

“人格歧视”的民法救济探析

“人格歧视”行为违反了尊重他人人格尊严的法定义务 ,侵害了受害人的人格尊严。“人格歧视”要获得民法救济 ,必须符合侵害一般人格权的构成条件。对“人格歧视”的民法救济途经主要有 :停止侵害 ,消除影响 ,恢复名誉 ,赔礼道歉 ,赔偿损失等。     

价值视角的转变与正义模式的演绎——评美国1998年《ADR 法》

经过联邦法院对 ADR 的十几年的探索实验,美国国会最终通过了1998年《ADR 法》,为 ADR 措施的开展发放了“绿卡”。该法要求所有的美国联邦法院实施“当事人服务型”的 ADR 措施,并允许法院强制当事人参加 ADR 程序。联邦法院 ADR 部门要想成功有效的实施该法,对各种 ADR 措施进行选择,以使其与现有的法院体系相兼容,同时为当事人提供便利,首先要协调好 ADR 措施所内涵的正义模式与一直引导着法院的传统的判决型的正义模式的关系。     

对作为行政诉讼“通道”的功能性概念的再认识

鉴于目前学界对具体行政行为概念的诸多歧义 ,有必要对这一作为行政诉讼“通道”的功能性概念重新命名。借鉴德国的行政处分概念 ,可将“具体行政行为”称为“行政处理决定”或“行政处理行为” ,以完善我国的行政诉讼制度     

Having the cake and eating it too: efficient penalty clauses in Common and Civil contract law

In this paper we examine one of the areas where there is a marked difference between Civil and Common contract law, that of the enforcement of liquidated damages and more particularly of penalty clauses. Common law judges are quite reluctant to enforce liquidated damages, especially if they believe that they include penalty clauses which are not enforceable. On the contrary, in almost all European contract laws liquidated damages are readily enforced, as are penalty clauses when they are not manifestly excessive. Although most law and economics scholars have criticized Common law courts for the non-enforcement of penalty clauses, there is a sizable minority of scholars who have defended the Common law “non-enforcement” policy on the ground that penalty clauses are inefficient because they hinder efficient breach. However, and despite the merits of the arguments advanced by advocates of the non-enforcement of penalty clauses, we believe that Common law’s rejection of penalty clauses is inefficient. We further show that the Civil law solution to the problem is not only comparatively more efficient, but that it can also appease the worries of those scholars who are afraid that efficient breaches will be deterred. The solution that Civil law systems give to the problem manages to enforce the parties’ wishes and to avoid deterring efficient breaches. However, we point out that in order for the Civil law systems to take advantage of this superiority, the interpretation of their Civil Codes should be guided by economic analysis and the respect to the wishes of the contracting parties.     

破产无效行为立法向可撤销行为立法的转变--论我国《企业破产法(试行)》第35条的修改

我国<企业破产法(试行)>第35条对债务人破产宣告前实施的有损一般债权人利益的财产处分行为规定为无效,有违公平原则且不合时宜.有必要比较、借鉴大陆法系主要国家相关立法经验,修改我国破产法第35条之规定,实现从破产无效行为立法向可撤销行为立法的转变.     

巨额财产来源不明罪客观构成要件研究

研究刑法第三百九十五条第一款规定的客观构成要件是认识巨额财产来源不明罪的关键。本罪在客观方面表现为国家工作人员在被司法机关调查其明显超过合法收入的巨额财产的来源时,有义务向司法机关说明财产的真实来源而拒不履行这一说明义务,从而造成司法机关无法查明巨额财产的真实来源的行为;本罪是纯正的不作为犯,其作为义务来源于法律上规定的作为义务和先行行为引起的作为义务两个方面;本罪是结果犯,行为人的不作为造成司法机关没有能够查明巨额财产真实来源的危害结果是本罪成立的必要条件。本罪侵犯的客体是司法机关的正常活动。据此,建议在保持本罪基本内容不变的前提下进行必要的修改,使本罪的设置和适用更加科学、合理。     

《治安处罚法》第九条的理论与运用

《治安处罚法》第九条涉及行政责任与民事责任的竞合理论与行政调解理论。除此以外,本文还谈了该条在适用中应注意的一些问题。