提高公务员依法行政能力刍议

提高依法行政能力是公务员队伍建设的重要课题,直接关系到整个国家依法治国能否有效进行。目前公务员依法行政能力与形势的要求相比,还存在着一定的差距,这在相当程度上影响着我国依法行政水平的提高。为了实现法治政府建设的目标,必须通过加强对公务员的培训,建立和完善对公务员评价考核制度,实行行政执法责任制,使公务员真正树立行政法治观念,不断提高依法行政能力。     

澳大利亚ADR的发展与启示(上)

ADR是澳大利亚纠纷解决的重要机制之一。以行业、社区为基础的ADR以及司法ADR的发达是澳大利亚ADR的两大特征。诉讼理念的转变、诉讼程序的改革与案件管理制度促进了澳大利亚ADR的发展。在ADR与诉讼机制的协调以及对ADR的规范化方面,澳大利亚有值得我国借鉴之处。     

我国公务员考核存在的主要问题与对策分析

公务员考核是正确评价公务员德才表现和工作实绩，促进勤政廉洁，提高工作效能，建设高素质公务员队伍的重要环节。经过多年的努力与探索，我国公务员考核工作取得了很大的成绩，特别是2006年《中华人民共和国公务员法》的实施和2007年1月《公务员考核规定（试行）》的颁布，把公务员考核工作推向了一个新的高度。但也应该看到。在公务员考核过程中仍然存在一些亟待解决的问题，制约了公务员考核工作的进一步开展。本文就当前我国公务员考核中存在的主要问题进行了梳理，分析了产生这些问题的原因，提出了解决问题的若干对策性建议。     

Human Rights and Unfair Dismissal: Private Acts in Public Spaces

This article addresses the termination of employment because of the conduct of the employee in her leisure time, in the light of the right to private life. It explores the impact on the retention of employment of activities taking place outside the workplace and outside working hours, and argues that the approach of UK courts and tribunals, which is based on a primarily spatial conceptualisation of privacy, is flawed. A fresh approach to privacy, resting on the idea of domination, is proposed, which is sensitive to the particularities of the employment relationship. Considering the fairness enquiry in dismissal, it argues that off‐duty conduct may lead to lawful termination of employment only if there is a clear and present impact or a high likelihood of such impact on business interests; a speculative and marginal danger does not suffice. It further proposes that a particularly meticulous test is appropriate when certain suspect categories, such as the employees' sexual preferences, are at stake.     

我国惩治黑社会性质组织犯罪的刑法完善——兼论对《刑法修正案(八)(草案)》相关条款的修改建议

现行《刑法》关于黑社会性质组织犯罪的规定在司法实践中存在着理解和认定上的困难,已经不能适应惩治黑社会性质组织犯罪的新要求,有必要重视重庆打黑除恶专项斗争中暴露出的刑法规定上的不足,对《刑法修正案(八)(草案)》的相关规定予以评述并提出相应的修改建议。当前,我国没有必要制定单独的反黑社会性质组织犯罪法律。在修订《刑法》第294条时,应当区别对待组织、领导者和积极参加者、一般参加者,并设置相应的刑罚,同时应当增设第294条之一以界定黑社会性质组织。对于所有黑社会性质组织犯罪均应增设财产刑,并提高包庇、纵容黑社会性质组织犯罪的法定刑。此外,不宜将黑社会性质组织犯罪规定为特殊累犯,而应当规定为特别再犯,并提高黑社会性质组织犯罪的缓刑、减刑和假释适用标准。     

论侵占罪与遗失物拾得制度之关联

侵占遗忘物罪是新《刑法》增设的一种罪。笔者通过对遗忘物与遗失物的对比,认为该罪的犯罪对象不应该是“遗忘物”而应该是“遗失物”。文章在对该罪侵占行为的过程进行考察的基础上,发现对该罪的认定必须以民法上的遗失物拾得制度为依据,该罪与遗失物拾得制度联系甚密。     

《行政机关公务员处分条例》的进步与不足

《行政机关公务员处分条例》使我国的行政纪律惩戒规范变得更加完整和系统化。在内容上突出了从严治纪;在程序上对行政处分作了详细的规定,这必将推进行政处分工作的法治化。《行政机关公务员处分条例》的疏漏之处主要有:没有规定国家对行政机关公务员违法违纪行为的追究时效;没有明确是否适用于行政机关内的聘任制公务员;行政机关以外的公务员处分工作是否参照其执行也未予明确。     

“公私部门伙伴关系”模式下的开发区基础设施建设

开发区的建设在我国已经得到了蓬勃的发展,与此同时,其基础设施也正在逐步完善。开发区基础设施的完备程度直接决定了招商引资与产业孵化的效果,而基础设施的建设需要大量的资金投入。随着开发区数量和层级的不断提高,仅仅依靠政府自身的力量建设日显捉襟见肘。"公私部门伙伴关系"是公共部门与私营部门合作提供公共产品和公共服务的一种新模式,该模式在开发区基础设施建设领域的应用能弥补政府财政投入的不足,突破限制开发区自身发展的瓶颈。     

Operationalising participatory research and farmer-to-farmer extension: the Kamayoq in Peru

While rural poverty is endemic in the Andean region, structural adjustment programmes have led to a dismemberment of agricultural research and extension services so that they are unable to serve the needs of smallholder farmers. The NGO Practical Action has been working in the Andes to address farmers' veterinary and agriculture needs. The work has included the training of farmer-to-farmer extension agents, known locally as Kamayoq. The Kamayoq have encouraged farmer participatory research, and local farmers pay them for their veterinary and crop advisory services in cash or in kind. The Kamayoq model is largely an unsubsidised approach to the provision of appropriate technical services and encouragement of farmer participation. The model also illustrates that, in the context of encouraging farmer participation and innovation, NGOs have advantages over research organisations because of their long-term presence, ability to establish trust with local farmers, and their emphasis on social and community processes.     

Childhood poverty and evidence-based policy engagement in Ethiopia

This article explores efforts to bridge multi-disciplinary research and policy engagement to tackle child poverty in the contexts of developing countries, based on the experiences of Young Lives, an international longitudinal policy-research project. It focuses on a case study involving the application of research evidence on child poverty to shape policy debates concerning Ethiopia's second-generation Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (2006–2010). The discussion is situated within theoretical literature on the interface between knowledge, policy, and practice, which supports the conceptualisation of policy making as a non-linear dynamic process. It pays particular attention to the importance of understanding the political and policy contexts of Southern countries, rather than assuming that they should simply import Northern-derived models of advocacy. It concludes by identifying general lessons for translating research into social-policy change.