人民调解的关系/事件和行动策略分析

人民调解是个复杂的构成体,它表面上是对个别纠纷的解决,实质上是对社会关系的一次重新梳理。每个纠纷的解决都不是我们表面上所看上去的那么简单,有众多因素在背后影响着人民调解的进行。我们重点从关系/事件的分析角度入手,找出其背后的影响因素和行动策略,进而为人民调解的发展提供一定的建议。     

Does Intimate Partner Violence Epidemiology Differ Between Homes With and Without Children? A Population-Based Study of Annual Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors

We sought to determine whether intimate partner violence (IPV) risk factors differed depending upon the presence of children in the home, and to estimate the annual prevalence of IPV first in the general population and then in homes with and without children. We analyzed data from a cross-sectional random sample of 6,836 women in southeastern Pennsylvania interviewed by telephone in 2004. The magnitude of association between IPV and risk factors varied between homes with and without children for women’s alcohol problems (with children, odds ratio (OR) 7.7; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.9, 20.9; without children, OR 2.4; 95% CI 0.9, 6.0), and mental health problems (with children, OR 4.0; 95% CI 1.8, 8.9; without children, OR 3.0; 95% CI 1.6, 5.7). Poverty was significantly associated with IPV only in homes without children (OR 3.6; 95% CI 1.9, 7.2). Annual IPV prevalence was 1.2% overall, 1.4% in homes with children, and 1.1% in homes without children. One in 63 children lived in a home with IPV. Differences in IPV risk factors in homes with and without children suggest distinct underlying IPV mechanisms or consequences in these contexts.     

试析吸毒人员回归社会难的多元因素

当前在禁毒工作中 ,吸毒人员回归社会是一大难题 ,也是制约整个禁毒工作的“瓶颈”。吸毒人员回归社会难主要是由于社会原因、家庭原因、吸毒者自身的原因和不良交往等多元因素造成 ,这些因素相互交织影响 ,互为因果 ,致使吸毒人员难于回归社会 ,从而衍生出诸多严重社会问题。     

Risk Factors Associated with the Chronicity of High Potential for Child Abuse and Neglect

The present 4-year follow-up study involves 56 mothers who were evaluated by social agencies as being abusive and neglectful or at high risk for child abuse and neglect. The aim of the study is to analyze the relationship between psychosocial risk factors (relating to the history and current situation of the mothers) that were present at the time the families were initially recruited and the fact that some of the mothers continue to show a high potential for child abuse and neglect (chronic abuse and neglect), whereas others were able to overcome the problem (transitory abuse and neglect). Results indicate that the following variables are particularly associated with situations involving chronic problems of abuse and neglect: initial level of severity of potential for abuse and neglect; dual-parent status; a large number of children at the time of intervention (3.13 times more risk of chronicity for large families); the fact that as a child the mother herself had been placed in a foster home (3.7 times more risk); that she had been sexually abused (3.5 times more risk); and that as an adolescent she had run away from home (3.02 times more risk). Our results indicate that mothers who have a combination of more than eight risk factors are four times more likely to be in the chronic group.     

＂攘外必先安内＂政策辨析

＂攘外必先安内＂政策有许多需要再认识之处.它的提出绝不仅仅为了剿共,而有其特定的多重原因;安内的对象不惟中共及其军队,是变化的、多样的;它非蒋介石一人之主张,而是得到国民党和社会一定程度的认同;其反动性应看是否反人民、是否损害国家利益,而不宜以是否反共论.     

再谈全面认识当代资本主义

当代资本主义是一个多面体,只有把它的方方面面搞清楚,才算是真正认识了当代资本主义。当代资本主义是一个孕育着许多新的社会因素的社会制度;一个既是社会主义批判对象又是社会主义借鉴对象的社会制度。     

农民增收难的制度因素分析及对策

“三农”问题以农民问题为首,而农民问题的关键是农民收入问题。只有积极稳妥地推进各项制度改革,才能从根本上促进农村经济发展,切实增加农民的收入。     

经济诈骗的犯罪心理形成机制分析

经济转轨时期,市场经济刺激了社会成员的个人欲望,调动了人们参与经济活动的积极性,但同时社会不良因素也使一部分人的需要过度膨胀,在内外因素的作用下,产生了经济诈骗的犯罪心理。探讨这种心理形成的机制,可以为犯罪预防打下基础。     

论证人保护制度

司法实践中，证人出庭率低，拒证问题普遍存在，其根本原因是我国现行立法对证人及其亲属的人身安全和经济利益保护乏力，证人权利与义务严重失衡。制订完善的证人保护制度是保证证人出庭的前提，是完善我国诉讼制度的内容之一，也是实现公正高效审判目的的需要。在借鉴别国成熟经验的基础上，应该根据我国的国情尽快制订专门的证人保护法或将证人保护制度以专门章节列出，对证人的权利义务、保护范围、保护措施、保护措施的启动条件及运作程序、保护机关等问题都应明确。     

制约俄罗斯能源战略与外交实施的因素探析

“能源超级大国”俄罗斯于2003年5月出台了《俄罗斯2020年前能源战略》,使油气能源成为实现国家外交战略目标的重要手段。俄罗斯政府在推行能源外交过程中,受到以下四个方面因素的影响与制约:第一,油气工业本身存在一些结构性问题;第二,在管理体制方面存在诸多问题;第三,国际市场能源价格变动对能源出口战略造成直接影响;第四,地缘政治也是掣肘能源外交的重要因素。因此,如果俄罗斯政府在能源战略上出现重大判断和运作失误,也可能给外交带来负面影响。