What Distinguishes Single from Recurrent Sexual Victims? The Role of Lifestyle‐Routine Activities and First‐Incident Characteristics

An unsettling reality is that a substantial proportion of women who have been sexually victimized are recurrent victims who experience more than one sexual victimization while young adults. What is not well understood is why some women experience a single sexual victimization whereas others experience recurrent sexual victimizations. Using a sample of 4,399 college women from the National College Women Sexual Victimization study, we examine lifestyle‐routine activities and first‐incident characteristics that could place women at risk of being recurrent sexual victims during an academic year. Our results show that none of the lifestyle‐routine activities variables differentiated single and recurrent victims; the factors that predicted being a single victim are similarly predictive of being a recurrent victim. However, women who used self‐protective action during the first incident reduced their likelihood of being a recurrent victim. Implications for the development of sexual victimization risk‐reduction and prevention programs are also discussed.     

International labour migration and local rural activities in the Kyrgyz Republic: determinants and trade-offs

This paper uses a representative household-budget survey from the Asian Development Bank to analyse the determinants of international labour migration, distinguishing between seasonal and permanent (long-term) moves and comparing them with determinants of rural local income-generating activities in the Kyrgyz Republic. It has been found that both permanent migration and local nonfarm-wages employment substitute agricultural activities and attract the most educated rural individuals. The difference is that the permanent migration option is unattainable for individuals from poor households with small land holdings. They tend to engage in local nonfarm activities, while those who are educated and have resources to finance the cost of migration choose to leave the country for long periods of time. In contrast to permanent migration, seasonal migration does not require the possession of either higher or vocational education, which can make it potentially less harmful for local development in terms of brain drain.     

中国物权法的意涵与时代特征

物权法在中国历经引进、否定、转向、曲折,最终实现复兴,它始终没有改变沿着中华民族的民富国强的这一方向而前进。2007年在中国共产党的领导下颁布的中国《物权法》在中国特色社会主义道路的巩固、中国改革开放事业的更深层次的发展、中国人权保护事业的进步以及中国民法法典化的最终实现等方面彰显其十分重要的社会意义;同时,囿于诸多方面的原因,该法在一些内容的厘定上留有时代的烙印,带有时代的特征。中国《物权法》的颁布,预示着中国的改革开放、人权保护、民法典的制定乃至于中国特色社会主义道路的新的启程。中国《物权法》的这一积极效果与历史进步的取向是最主要的。该法中的落后规定或未作规定的事项,可以通过将来制定民法典、修改《物权法》或制定司法解释予以补充、克服和完善。     

论专利等同侵权的判定时间

虽然专利等同侵权理论已经得到普遍确认,但对等同侵权判定时间点的选择却各不相同。在理论上和实践中,曾经出现了专利申请日、专利公开日、专利授权日、侵权行为日等不同标准。相对而言,侵权行为日标准不仅没有损害专利权利要求的告知功能,而且能够充分保护专利权人的利益,因而是一种较佳选择。     

课外科技活动与大学生创新思维培养

目前,高校教学体系不完善、学生发散思维能力不强等因素阻碍了大学生创新思维的培养,而课外科技活动作为高校实践教学环节的重要组成部分,是培养大学生创新思维的有效载体。实践中,高校应深化教学改革,建立健全大学生课外科技活动体系;坚持开展课外科技活动,培养大学生的创新思维。     

RNA在法医学中的研究应用进展

长期以来,RNA由于其自身的不稳定性、易降解的特征未受到法医学者的关注。近年来,随着定量PCR等分子生物学技术的改进与发展,RNA分析逐渐开始在法医学实验室中开展起来。RNA可用于死亡时间、创口形成时间、斑痕形成时间的推测,并且可取代传统的血清酶学检测用于确定体液类型并扩大了检测范围,还可以辅助诊断细胞或器官的功能状态。本文就近年来RNA在法医学的研究应用进展做一概述。     

刑事政策对刑事司法活动的影响

本文通过分析刑事司法活动数据,就刑事政策对不同机关刑事司法活动的影响予以评价。数据分析表明,从短期看,"从重从快严打"的刑事政策具有控制犯罪的高效性,但从长期看,"严打"从未被证明是社会取得长治久安的良方。     

论我国刑事一审审限制度的存与废

尽管我国的刑事一审审限制度立法规定相对全面，但该制度在实践中并没有得到不折不扣的执行，刑事超审限问题普遍存在并带来了严重的社会危害。学术界对刑事一审审限制度的广泛讨论，引发了我国刑事一审审限制度的存废之争。刑事一审审限制度在我国有继续存在的必要性，应对该制度加以完善并建立综合配套制度，以适应司法实践的需要。     

法律评价活动与法治文化的关联性

法律评价活动与法治文化的相互关系是法治中国化研究的重要内容。法律评价活动与法治文化的关联性的研究意义在于，其是努力争取法治精神和法治文化在我国社会生活和文化领域的话语权利，更在于其是实现法治中国化需要认真对待的一个重要话题。我国当下众多具有典型意义的司法案件揭示出，法治时代的法律评价活动必须反映法治文化的要求。法治中国化理论需要区分中西方法治文化的不同理念和作用机制，并在法律评价活动中藉此指导我国的法治实践。