社会转型时期黑社会性质组织的犯罪特征及预防对策——以李义黑社会性质组织犯罪为视角

分析以李义为首的黑社会性质组织在过去5年中的形成与发展过程可以发现,这一涉黑组织的演变过程带有明显的渝东地区的地域色彩和社会转型期的时代特性。在社会转型期,当地政府的社会管理职能发生了相对弱化,社会分层却在加剧,这是李义团伙能够逐步发展成为黑社会性质组织的深层社会原因。临江镇传统产业一度出现的无序竞争局面又为李义团伙向经济领域渗透提供了契机。当地长期盛行的“袍哥”文化也对李义团伙的发展起到了推波助澜的作用。把握住这些特点可以有的放矢地从社会、经济、文化等层面在当地开展社会治安综合治理,遏制涉黑犯罪的发生和黑社会性质组织的形成。     

Comparison of the Plexor HY System, Quantifiler and Quantifiler Duo kits using the Roche LightCycler 480 System and the ABI 7900 real time PCR instrument

In this study, we used two real time PCR platforms (Roche LightCycler 480 System and the ABI 7900 real time PCR instrument) to compare three commercial kits for DNA quantification. Special emphasis was put on PCR efficiency, detection limit and detection range. Furthermore, we tested the influence of the calibrator DNA included in the different kits on the absolute values. 40 artificial stain samples as well as 40 reference saliva samples were tested and compared. Two main observations could be made: the kits had a strong influence on the amount of DNA determined (Quantifiler^® < Quantifiler Duo^® < Plexor^® kit) whereas the real time PCR platforms showed no significant influence on the outcome.     

基层工会如何提高职工文化活动的吸引力

本文从尊重职工在文化活动中的主体地位,发挥职工文化充分满足职工参与意识的优势等角度,提出了如何提高职工文化活动的吸引力的个人见解。     

论我国经济犯罪侦查活动的基本规律与基本原则

经济犯罪侦查活动的基本规律,是经济犯罪侦查活动中诸要素之间本质的、必然的关系。经济犯罪侦查活动的基本规律主要有四条,即经济犯罪侦查活动服务于国家经济建设的中心任务,根据其总体需要,在不断调整与改革中向前发展的规律;经济犯罪侦查、防范控制与政府对经济活动监管的诸手段相互配合步调一致地发挥积极作用的规律;经济犯罪行为必定在经济犯罪环境中留下犯罪信息的规律;经济犯罪侦查人员完成侦查任务的效能,取决于所掌握的经济犯罪信息质与量的规律。我国经济犯罪侦查活动的基本原则应为公正执法的原则、积极慎重的原则、协作配合的原则、讲究效益的原则、打防结合的原则和注重证据的原则。     

Examining Rates of Sexual Offenses from a Routine Activities Perspective

Recent policies enacted regarding sex offenders include the formation of a publicly accessible sex offender registry, community notification, and residential restrictions. Often the motivation behind these policies is to get information out about sex offenders to community members so that these communities can effectively guard against any revictimization by the sex offenders among them. Theoretically, the premise for this type of legislation corresponds to relationships specified by routine activities theory. The theory states that if guardians can interrupt potential offenders as they are preying on suitable targets, these crimes-in-the-making will not occur. The present study assesses routine activities theory via a study of the presence of potential offenders (as measured by the number of registered sex offenders in the area), as well as community and resident characteristics that measure the presence and types of suitable targets and the existence of guardians and guardianship structures. We find that only the presence of certain types of suitable targets has an influence on the variation in the rate of sex offenses across these communities. Policy implications are discussed.     

论“零容忍”在预防、打击黑社会性质组织犯罪中的应用

"零容忍"政策最初在纽约实行,用来控制纽约街头违法行为。其核心在于对各种反社会的行为给予严厉的打击,即便是轻微的违法行为也要毫不留情的与之斗争。联系我国当前情况,黑社会性质组织犯罪逐渐抬头且有愈演愈烈之势,对于此类犯罪应在其形成的初始阶段就及时予以打击。公安机关应采取主动出警模式,预防为主,打防结合,严厉惩治黑社会性质有组织犯罪。     

The time inconsistency of long constitutions: Evidence from the world

This article analyses the mechanisms establishing time consistency of constitutions. It explains why shorter and more locked constitutions are more likely to be time consistent (change less) and that long constitutions are more time inconsistent (change more, despite locking). Empirical evidence from all of the democratic countries in the world indicates that the length and locking of constitutions are not independent criteria, and that their combination leads to less time consistency. To address this inter‐relationship, a measure of time inconsistency (a combination of locking and amendment rate) is developed and it is demonstrated that it is connected with the length of constitutions. The article shows how time inconsistency is incompatible with theories of ‘constitutional amendment culture’ not only at the theoretical level, but also empirically. Finally, the article proves that the empirical finding that the length of constitutions is related to lower per capita income and higher corruption are not only in agreement with time inconsistency arguments, but this also extends beyond OECD countries to all democracies.     

当代中国社会道德价值观调查报告

改革开放三十年来,中国的经济、政治、文化等领域发生了巨大的改变,人们的思想观念和生活观念也发生了显著的变化。该调查课题通过对中国当代社会道德价值观从社会理想,公德,德性,个体价值、理想与信仰四个维度的调查研究与分析,得出如下结论：国人在现实主义的基础上深藏着社会理想与个人信仰的追求,在转型期传统思维与现代生活矛盾交错,传统的厚德载物、自强不息依然是主要的国民道德特征,和谐社会是党和人民永恒不懈的追求。     

Relationships Between Discretionary Time Activities,Emotional Experiences,Delinquency and Depressive Symptoms Among Urban African American Adolescents

Using the Experience Sampling Method (ESM), this cross-sectional study examined mediated and moderated associations between different types of discretionary time activities and depressive symptoms and delinquency among a sample of 246 (107 boys, 139 girls) fifth through eighth grade urban African American adolescents. More time spent in passive unstructured activities was associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms only for adolescents residing in less dangerous neighborhoods, whereas more time spent in active unstructured activities was associated with higher levels of delinquency only if adolescents resided in more dangerous neighborhoods. Alienation was positively associated with depressive symptoms and delinquency, but neither alienation nor positive affect mediated the relationship between activities and adjustment. These findings suggest the importance of considering neighborhood environment issues when determining what types of discretionary time activities are most beneficial for urban African American young adolescents.