非劳动收入能缓解中国的劳动力供给紧张吗？

标准劳动供给理论认为非劳动收入的增加会减少劳动供给，但是国内外大量的实证研究对此存在 较多争议。为了应对上述争议，本研究对标准理论进行适当延展，通过考察非劳动收入对边际劳动供给的作用后 发现，非劳动收入虽然具有减少劳动时间的直接作用，但是能通过强化工资率对劳动供给的替代效应而间接增加 劳动时间供给，两者的净效应决定了非劳动收入对劳动供给的真实作用。非劳动收入对劳动供给存在正向作用的 原因在于：非劳动收入会挤占一部分享受性闲暇时间而提高闲暇的价格，从而强化人们减少闲暇时间、增加劳动 供给的“替代效应”。利用“中国综合社会调查”全国微观数据库提供的数据，本研究证实了上述观点。非劳动 收入对劳动供给的正向作用为中国应对当前的劳动供给短缺提供了政策新抓手：政府可以在不触及工资制度和假 日制度等刚性制度的前提下，通过调控非劳动收入的不同种类和形式来激活劳动供给。     

“伪基站”案件法律适用及打防对策研究

＂伪基站＂违法犯罪活动是近年来出现的一种新型违法犯罪活动形式,对此类犯罪活动的定罪,目前存在法律适用上的矛盾,造成公安机关侦办此类案件的现实困境。对于＂伪基站＂违法犯罪活动,要加强社会的宣传与防范,整合各警种优势资源进行打击,藉以推动此类犯罪的规范立法。     

INCORPORATING ROUTINE ACTIVITIES,ACTIVITY SPACES,AND SITUATIONAL DEFINITIONS INTO THE SOCIAL SCHEMATIC THEORY OF CRIME

Simons and Burt's (2011) social schematic theory (SST) of crime posits that adverse social factors are associated with offending because they promote a set of social schemas (i.e., a criminogenic knowledge structure) that elevates the probability of situational definitions favorable to crime. This study extends the SST model by incorporating the role of contexts for action. Furthermore, the study advances tests of the SST by incorporating a measure of criminogenic situational definitions to assess whether such definitions mediate the effects of schemas and contexts on crime. Structural equation models using 10 years of panel data from 582 African American youth provided strong support for the expanded theory. The results suggest that childhood and adolescent social adversity fosters a criminogenic knowledge structure as well as selection into criminogenic activity spaces and risky activities, all of which increase the likelihood of offending largely through situational definitions. Additionally, evidence shows that the criminogenic knowledge structure interacts with settings to amplify the likelihood of situational definitions favorable to crime.     

4F‐MDMB‐BINACA: A New Synthetic Cannabinoid Widely Implicated in Forensic Casework

This is the first report regarding the characterization of the new synthetic cannabinoid 4F‐MDMB‐BINACA. 4F‐MDMB‐BINACA was first analytically confirmed in seized drug material using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS), liquid chromatography–quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (LC‐QTOF), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Subsequent to this characterization, 4F‐MDMB‐BINACA was detected in biological specimens collected as part of forensically relevant casework, including medicolegal death investigations and drug impaired driving investigations, from a variety of regions in the United States. Further analysis of biological specimens resulted in the identification of the metabolites 4F‐MDMB‐BINACA 3,3‐dimethylbutanoic acid and 4‐OH‐MDMB‐BINACA. 4F‐MDMB‐BINACA is appearing with increasing frequency as a contributory factor in deaths, creating morbidity and mortality risks for drug users. Laboratories must be aware of its presence and impact, incorporating 4F‐MDMB‐BINACA into workflows for detection and confirmation.     

平汉铁路工人抗日活动述评

从九一八事变开始，平汉铁路工人就开始了抗日活动。平汉铁路工人的抗日斗争活动贯穿于整 个抗战时期，并且可以划分为三个阶段。平汉铁路工人的抗日活动呈现出明显的系统性特点，它既有军事方面 对日军的打击，也有扶助救济难民、维护抗战后方安定的内容。抗战期间平汉铁路工人的抗日活动还生动地反 映了当时国共两党在抗战问题上的联合与对抗，以及二者关系对平汉铁路工人抗日活动的直接影响。     

地利分配秩序中的农民维权及政府回应研究——以珠三角地区征地农民上访为例

进入新世纪以来,珠三角地区因征地历史遗留问题而导致的农民集体维权事件处于高发态势。尽管不少征地案件存在程序不规范等问题,但支撑农民的集体维权行动的根本动力,实际上是他们对地权增值的再分配主张。在维权过程中,农民以宗族为动员基础,以重新分配地利为主要目标,并采取了“挟”“闹”“诉”和“谋”等行动策略。地方政府则采用了“开口子”“给票子”“定调子”和“补漏子”等回应性治理策略。农民和村集体与地方政府之间的矛盾原本属于利益博弈的问题,但是农民通过维权方式将利益博弈问题转化为民生问题和权利话语。村庄微观政治通过信访渠道进入宏观政治领域。     

Study on the Problems and Countermeasures of Public Rental Housing Fraud: Based on Signal Transmission Model

The information asymmetry between the government and the housing security object would lead to adverse selection, opportunism and moral hazard during the rental process of public rental housing. Based on the review of China’s public rental housing policy implementation and effect, and combing the relevant literature about public rental housing fraud, we constructed the signal transfer model suitable for the explanation of the behavior of China’s public housing fraud, and focused on the explanatory variable of social service time. The theoretical analysis shows that social service time can be used as an explanatory variable to reveal the separation equilibrium and pooling equilibrium of various income groups under different social service times. Finally, we took the public rental housing community of Lanqiao Jingyuan in Hangzhou as an example to make a case analysis, the results confirmed the operability of the model, and indicated that social service time as the signal is helpful for the reaching the ideal state of equilibrium of different income groups.     

协助抓捕型立功起始时间的认定--暨论立功认定中存在的问题与出路1

立功制度是我国刑法中一种重要的刑罚裁量制度,协助抓捕型立功是其主要分支之一。司法解释对协助抓捕型立功的起始时间进行了限定,然而在适用中遭遇了法理和实务的双重困境。本文拟从真实案例出发,对协助抓捕型立功的起始时间的合理认定进行选择和论证,并对立功认定实际运行中出现的问题进行分析,提出解决进路。     

相际经营原理——中国经济人类学的理论结晶

中华民族是一个多民族融合的大家庭,各民族在适应所处自然生态系统和社会文化背景的过程中,形成了独特的民族文化。在跨文化跨区域的经济活动中,民族文化等众多非经济因素的影响不容忽视。《相际经营原理》一书正是在这一前提下,通过在贵州的田野调查资料,将西方经济人类学理论与中国实情相结合,提出跨"相"经营的理论,形成了独具中国特色的经济人类学理论体系。     

Testing Theory and the Analysis of Time Series Data

Although the relationship between unemployment and crime has been a longstanding interest in criminology, there is little agreement about appropriate models for analyzing this relationship. David Greenberg's (this issue) discussion highlights two issues that raise questions about recent research on the unemployment–crime relationship. First, he extends the work of Hale and Sabbagh (1991) and argues that cointegration methods should be used instead of first-differenced regression models to analyze unemployment and crime time series data. Second, he argues that previous attempts to test his strain theory linking unemployment to the age distribution of crime rely on flawed hypotheses, inappropriate data, and faulty measurement. In this paper, I address both of Greenberg's claims. I begin with a discussion of the relative utility of cointegration analysis and of first-differenced regression models for the analysis of the unemployment–crime relationship, focusing on the link between theory and statistical model. I then discuss the possibility of ever testing and falsifying Greenberg's strain theory.