近年来菲律宾在黄岩岛的活动评析

黄岩岛不属南沙群岛争议范围,向来在中国的主权管辖之内,过去从未遇到过挑战。自1997年5月菲律宾开始对黄岩岛提出主权要求以来,频繁地在黄岩岛周围海域进行活动,使黄岩岛成为继南沙群岛之后又一新的争议区。本文评析了近年来菲律宾在黄岩岛的活动,并对其挑起新争议的原因进行了分析。     

尸体胸骨骨髓细胞核DNA含量变化及其与死后经过时间的关系

目的探讨推断腐败尸体死亡时间的新方法。方法应用计算机图像分析技术,对以改良的Feu lgen法染色,死后经过不同时间(<1~14d)的胸骨骨髓细胞核DNA含量进行观测,并对所得数据进行相关分析。结果胸骨骨髓细胞核DNA含量随死亡时间延长逐渐下降,死后2周DNA量达最低值;死后DNA降解速率与死亡时间呈直线相关。结论测定胸骨骨髓细胞核DNA含量有助于腐败尸体的死亡时间推断。     

Perceptions of Time and Their Impact on Negotiations in the Arabic-Speaking Islamic World

This article examines how perceptions of time affect Arabic-speaking Islamic negotiators and how their attitudes about time, and their corresponding behaviors, may differ from those of their Western counterparts. We begin by identifying cultural differences in the conceptualization of time and then comment on the role of time in negotiations, discussing how time influences bargaining, trust, and negotiation tactics. In the section on tactics, we discuss stall-and-delay tactics, the use of the past as an objective standard, and limits on negotiating the future. Our purpose is to encourage negotiators from the West to be knowledgeable about the way they, as well as negotiators from Arabic-speaking Islamic cultures, conceive of and use time in negotiations. We believe that understanding that the very concept of time is often quite different in these two cultures is an important step in facilitating negotiations that cross these cultural boundaries.     

EXPLAINING JAPAN'S POSTWAR VIOLENT CRIME TRENDS*

Japan has long been recognized for its low rates of violent crime, rates that usually seem to be declining. The most common explanation for postwar rates links unique cultural characteristics to a system of exceptionally effective informal social controls that, at the macro level, suggest low levels of social disorganization. Other common explanations include low levels of economic stress, a small proportion of young males and a criminal justice system that delivers a high certainty of punishment. In this paper we test these four explanations for Japanese trends using both an annual time‐series national analysis (1951 to 2000) and a pooled cross‐sectional time‐series analysis of the 47 Japanese prefectures from 1955 to 2000 (at 5‐year intervals). The results from the two analyses are largely congruent. They show that measures of economic stress, certainty of punishment and age structure are–compared to common social disorganization measures–more consistent predictors of Japanese postwar violent crime trends. Our results suggest that the remarkable strength of the postwar Japanese economy may play a larger role in explaining Japanese violent crime rates than is usually recognized.     

关于我国转型期社会不公问题的思考

我国社会转型时期,在一定范围内和一定程度上存在着社会不公现象,这是由于我国生产力的水平较低、转型期两种体制的并存、道德失范、法制建设滞后等原因造成的。我国转型期的社会不公现象的存在,对我国的现代化建设带来不利影响;导致生产率降低,阻碍国民经济快速健康的发展;影响人们对党的改革开放政策的信赖;影响社会的稳定等。但是我国转型期的社会不公与剥削制度下的社会不公有着本质的区别,它只是一种暂时的现象。     

列宁新闻思想简论

本文略述了列宁在无产阶级革命活动和党政领导事务中,所从事的报刊实践;概括和论述了他根据无产阶级革命和俄国当时实际的需要,对新闻工作所做的指示以及对无产阶级新闻宣传事业所做的理论思考。文章通过具体论著总结了列宁的无产阶级新闻思想。列宁新闻思想上继马克思、恩格斯新闻思想,下启中国党的三代领导核心的新闻思想。我们党历来强调的新闻的指导方针、新闻的党性原则、新闻的组织功能、新闻的舆论导向、新闻的宣传作用、新闻的群众路线、新闻的服务意识以及新闻工作与党在一定时期的目标一致性、新闻工作要为反映和指导经济建设服务的方针、新闻宣传必须具有群众喜闻乐见的新闻文风等等,都源于列宁新闻思想的精髓。列宁新闻思想是马克思主义新闻观最为重要的内容之一,其蕴涵的当代价值有着巨大的生命力,对21世纪的无产阶级新闻传播事业仍然具有指路明灯的作用。     

马克思主义理论创新的基本要求

理论创新和实践创新是与时俱进的两种基本活动形式,其中理论创新是最关键的,它是与时俱进的先导。作为人的一种创造性活动,理论创新对主体提出了较高的要求,他必须具有创新意识,同时具备创新能力,并且在其理论活动中能有效地实现创新意识和创新能力的统一。     

从裁量二元论到裁量一元论

裁量二元论长期以来是行政法领域中的支配性理论,它把裁量问题与法律问题作为各自独立的二元来理解;裁量一元论正好相反,它认为裁量问题与法律问题并非各自独立的二元,根本不存在不受法律拘束的自由裁量。裁量一元论自20世纪中期以来,随着大陆法系国家法院对行政裁量态度的转变而逐渐抬头;20世纪后期以来,更有取代裁量二元论之势。这一现象意味着大陆法系国家行政裁量观念发生了质变,其直接原因是“裁量滥用”法理的展开,更深层次的原因则是是法治国家理念的质变。     

脑温死亡时间测定仪的研制

目的研制脑温死亡时间测定仪。方法根据动物和尸体实验了解脑温下降的规律,并选择针状温度传感器,确定测温入径途径。结果针状传感器的优点是:快速敏感、准确性高、对组织破坏少、插入方便。尽管这种方法仍有误差,但它与现在法医学上常用的方法相比误差已减少了许多。结论所研制的死亡时间测定仪具有体积小,便于携带、探头灵敏,可以迅速方便地探测死者的脑温,并能直接推断死亡时间,避免了某些人为的因素造成的误差。     

The U.S. Global Strategy as Seen from the Debate in the Primary Election

There may be more than one year to go before the 2008 U.S. presidential election, but the primary election of the two parties has already begun ahead of time. Both the Democratic and Republican candidates for the