新一轮农业结构调整的主要特征及原则

新一轮农业结构调整与传统的农业结构调整有着本质的区别，调整的主体、调整的诱因和目的，调整的方式、方法，调整的工具等都已发生了很大的变化。这就使新一轮结构调整的难度增大，也便结构调整所需要的投入及对经济组织的依赖性都相应增大。面对农业结构调整出现的新变化，必须按照经济规律的要求优化产业结构，选择主导产业和主导产品，提高结构调整的效率。     

印度农业的全球化对策

农业从本质上将属于弱质产业。在经济全球化进程中,随着农产品贸易自由化的推行,各国农业特别是象印度这样人口众多的发展中国家的农业发展势必受到一定程度的冲击。如何应对经济全球化进程的冲击,将是摆在印度社会目前的重大问题。本文试图就印度在全球化进程中发展农业的对策进行某些概括,希望从中获得某些重要的启示。     

The Legal Position of the Married and Unmarried Father Under English and Dutch Law: Sharing Parenting or Just Going Dutch?

This article addresses the issue of the legal position of the married and unmarried father under English and Dutch law. The legal position under English Law in the UK for the married and unmarried father may be familiar to English family lawyers. The situation for unmarried fathers can be seen as more 'precarious' and less legally secure than that of the married father in terms of the legal recognition of fatherhood and the exercise of parental responsibility. Fathers who are not married to the mothers of their children are not recognised as 'fathers' in law in the same way as the married father. They will possess the automatic parental responsibility that the married father has, as a result of the implementation of new legislation which acts as a 'gateway' to the effective exercise, in legal terms, of 'fathering' activities. Whilst there have been some reforms, this are set in the context of problems and difficulties in regulating unmarried relationships in general. There is disparity in legal treatment between the married and the unmarried relationship, fatherhood in particular, but this distinction shows signs of diminishing, as it has done under Dutch law. In The Netherlands, as in a lot of other European countries, family law has been subject to continual law reforms, as a consequence of social developments. Also decisions of the European Court of Human Rights have forced the Dutch government to adapt legislation. Due to the equality principle, many benefits of marriage are now also granted to unmarried people. Since the extended law reform in 1998 the terms 'legitimate' and 'illegitimate' child – for children born inside and outside of marriage – no longer exist. Instead the term 'family ties' was introduced. This article will discuss the major issues which concern the legal position of the married and the unmarried father under English and Dutch law.     

世贸组织框架下闽台农业资源整合与优化配置

用经济学划分四大资源要素的方法,分析闽台农业资源要素禀赋与配置效率优势的差异性,以及闽台农业的依存性与互补性;论述了加强闽台农业资源整合与优化配置以提高闽台农业竞争力,是在当今世界经济全球化与区域经济一体化两趋势同时增强大背景中,闽台农业发展的一项双赢选择;揭示了农业资源要素流动与整合是闽台农业合作模式的核心。     

县级农业信息化对农民增收的作用及发展思路——以阳朔县为例

农业信息化可以提高农业生产和经营管理水平,减少市场交易风险,提高农业市场流通效率,加快农业生产技术传播、推广和农业科技人才的培养,对农民增收起到显著作用,而数字村镇的建设是探索县级农业信息化的一条新路子。县级农业信息化今后的发展思路应以农业信息的获取、及时处理和计算机网络建设、应用这两个方面为突破口。     

加强农村人力资本投资是解决“三农”问题的必然选择

由教育投资和培训等形成的人力资本在科学技术日益发展的条件下成为现代生产发展的决定性因素,我国“三农”问题实质是农民问题,农村人力资本存量低制约着“三农”问题的缓解,人力资本理论为“三农”问题的解决提供了科学依据,加强农村人力资本投资是解决“三农”问题的必然选择。     

消除体制性梗阻加大新农村建设财政资金投入力度

近年来我国财政支农投入不断下降,对“三农”方面的资金投入严重不足,难以顺利推进新农村建设。其主要原因是现行财税体制仍然没有理顺,财政资金投入新农村建设的渠道存在体制性梗阻。解决问题的根本出路在于加快财税体制改革,合理划分各级政府的事权和财权,实行等级分税制;规范转移支付制度;树立公共财政理念,加大财政支农资金投入。但这是一个长期的渐进过程,近期可选择的政策是逐步降低涉农项目配套资金比例;改善财政涉农资金管理体制,整合分散资金,提高资金使用效率。     

渭河上游前仰韶文化农业发展水平新论

距今8200年至6900年，渭河上游就已经出现了以种植黍（糜子）、粟（谷子）和油菜等旱作农作物，饲养猪、狗、羊和鸡等家禽家畜为标志的农耕经济，但与采集和狩猎经济相比，农耕经济处于次要地位，“刀耕火种”不占优势。早期农业并未脱离“刀耕火种”和以补充生活所需为目的的原始阶段。学术界对其农业发展水平估计过高。     

西部基层农业科技人员离职倾向的实证分析——以陕西省为例

西部基层农业科技队伍存在潜在的不稳定性。在对农业科技人员的调查中,运用累积Logistic模型分析了个体特征、与工作相关的因素以及外部经济环境对基层农业科技人员离职倾向的影响。研究发现工作年限与离职倾向存在负相关,而学历和当地农业发展状况与离职倾向存在正相关。从政府干预的角度讲,与工作相关的变量是可以直接控制的因素。     

技术进步与台湾农业增长演进的实证研究：1963--2008年

本文运用超越对数模型对1963--2008年的台湾农业技术进步率进行测算分解，并分阶段探讨了其农业增长演替规律。结果发现：近50年来，台湾农业技术进步率和技术进步贡献率均呈稳定增长态势；台湾农业增长经历由资本主导到资本和技术进步双向驱动再到技术进步主导的嬗变，其农业增长方式已由粗放型转变为集约型。通过技术变迁来消除资源禀赋制约是未来台湾农业持续增长的最佳路径。