双肺移植引发医疗纠纷的思考

器官移植对于挽救终末期器官功能衰竭病人的生命具有重要意义，但是在没有充分权衡移植手术利弊的情况下，对患者施行移植技术尚不成熟的双肺移植手术，进行探索性试验的医疗行为违背了生命伦理学和医生的职业道德，医患双方由此发生医疗纠纷也是不可避免的。在司法实践中，由于法律之间的冲突，使医疗纠纷案件的处理陷入了困境，要想使医疗纠纷步入良性、理性处理的轨道，应建立多元化纠纷解决机制或者制定一部位阶较高，专门调整医疗损害赔偿法律关系的法律。     

Education and training in public administration: transference of segmenting organizational behavior

Organizations can survive, let alone progress, only if they carry out meaningful transactions with society at large. This process requires they differentiate their “organizational being” to respond to clientele needs and/or user demands. The inherent problem is that these differentiated structures may become segmented into tightly closed systems, being in effect organizations within organization characterized by self-serving vested interests. Expediency becomes the operating rule. Segmentation is common to all societies, but it is especially prevalent in situations of decline.

Advanced in this discussion is that the segmentation process may be accelerated and consolidated by in-house training and education, and especially by those of a public management character. A plea is made for universities to become more actively engaged in (a) the preparation and placement of “quality” educated persons and (b) the search/development of new public organization.     

Audit Committees and Accountability in Local Government: A National Survey

Abstract

Financial scandals in city governments have received increased publicity in recent years. Audit committees have been suggested as a way review and improve standards and procedures for financial accountability. Audit committees assist local government managers in overseeing and monitoring the financial accounting and auditing process. They provide a communication link between elected officials, municipal managers, and independent auditors. This study relies on national survey data to examine the prevalence, role, and composition of audit committees in cities with populations over 65,000 and the conditions affecting their use and effectiveness. Interviews and a brief case study supplement survey data to provide richer detail regarding the performance of audit committees in ensuring improved accountability.     

The power few: experimental criminology and the reduction of harm

The promise of experimental criminology is finding ways to reduce harm from crime and injustice. The problem of experimental criminology is that so few experiments produce evidence of big effects from the interventions they test. One solution to this problem may be concentrating scarce resources for experiments on the “power few:” the small percentage of places, victims, offenders, police officers or other units in any distribution of crime or injustice which produces the greatest amount of harm. By increasing the homogeneity and base rates of the samples enrolled in each experiment, the power few hypothesis predicts increased statistical power to detect program effects. With greater investment of resources, and possibly less variant responses to greater dosages of intervention—especially interventions of support, as distinct from punishment—we may also increase our chances of finding politically acceptable interventions that will work.

可持续发展的责任伦理基础——约纳斯责任伦理学的现代效应

可持续发展是科学发展观的当代意蕴所在.可持续发展的前提是保持人与自然的和谐,这就要求我们尊重自然的价值基础地位,为自然负责.汉斯·约纳斯的责任伦理学倡导一种对自然、未来、后代的责任,这种责任伦理学不仅具有深刻的本体论论证,而且试图通过对责任的效用性论证和责任的实施方式把责任原理运用到现代技术实践中解决实际问题.     

“网络生态危机”的伦理关怀

“网络生态危机”随着我国互联网的飞速发展，其伦理危害日益显现。我们要从党和国家关于建设中国特色网络文化的战略大局出发，从网络运行的主客体入手，构建良好洁净的网络伦理环境，恢复合理的网络信息生态，促进中国特色网络文化发展。     

公务员行为的道德约束与法律约束

在中国这样一个注重德治的社会,如何界定公务员行为的道德约束与法律约束是行政理论研究的重要课题。本文就公务员行为的道德约束与法律约束的界定、特点与二者之间的关系进行简要的论述。     

试斩公务员韵行政责任伦理

行政责任是行政伦理学的核心范畴，实现行政责任是公务员的价值目标。行政责任的基本内涵，一方面指行政主体（政府及其公务员）对于其服务对象必须履行的法定义务或客观责任；另一方面则是指行政主体（政府及其公务员）对其面临的法定义务或客观行政责任所承担的主观责任。实现行政责任伦理必须以行政责任意识为基础，以行政组织文化为环境，以行政责任制度为保障，以行政伦理监督为制约。     

“善”作为中国的宗教伦理

在中国快速变迁的经济环境下,善作为中国传统价值中对命运、缘分和报应等信仰的核心存在,是中国道德资本的部分.一些当代的中国人回到传统,从其中的词汇与象征符号中获得个人选择指导来寻求生命的意义和目的.以善为伦理核心的传统道德资本的信仰和实践有助于现代人调适其所处的现代生活环境,并将弥补因为现代化带来的道德与信任的缺失.     

领导者公共形象特性分析

从广义上说,政府形象包括领导者形象,也是政府系统向社会提供的“公共产品”之一。当我们述及领导者“公共形象”的时候,其实是指它的伦理形象。形体形象包含的视觉信息,是人格形象的物理基础。但是归根结底,形象的穿透力和影响力的关健,还在于它的伦理性而非它的物理性,在于其形象构造中的伦理元素和心理说服。领导者公共形象面临的最为基本的问题,是如何以人格、人品、人性、人情这些东西,去“说服”公众。领导者的公共形象,最为根本的,是“人格形象”的建造。对领导者公共形象的认识和对领导者公共形象的管理,正是建立在对公共伦理精神深入把握这一事实基础之上的。