Family negativity and delinquent behavior in adolescence: a predictive multivariate latent growth analysis

ABSTRACT

The current study had three aims: (1) to explore whether there is over-time change in adolescent delinquency and negativity in the parent–adolescent, sibling and marital relationships during adolescence; (2) to examine the interactions of negativity across subsystems; and (3) to examine whether levels and changes in adolescent delinquency are predicted by levels and changes in negativity in all family subsystems. Data of 497 families participating in the RADAR-young study were used. Ratings of all family members were used to measure negativity in family relationships, and adolescent self-report was used for delinquency. Multivariate latent growth curve models showed over-time increases in mother-adolescent negativity and over-time decreases in sibling negativity, as well as significant individual differences in these changes. Second, evidence for both social contagion and compensatory processes in family negativity was found. Third, initial levels of parent–adolescent negativity were related to initial levels but not over-time changes of adolescent delinquency, whereas initial levels of sibling negativity were related to over-time changes but not initial levels of adolescent delinquency. Finally, increases in parent–adolescent negativity were related to faster increases in adolescent delinquency, and decreases in sibling negativity were related to slower increases in adolescent delinquency. Implications of these results are discussed.     

风险升高与风险降低

由当代客观归责理论提出来的风险升高和风险降低理论都值得进一步反思。首先,任何与法益侵害结果具有因果关系的行为都必然在客观上升高了该结果出现的风险。其次,所谓风险降低理论实际上包含了三种应当运用完全不同的原理来加以解决的情况：第一,在＂真正的风险降低＂中,结果与行为之间根本不存在因果关系。第二,在行为人误认为其行为降低了风险的情形中,应从主观归责而非客观归责的角度出发排除行为的犯罪性。第三,在损害替换的情形中,应当在肯定行为符合构成要件的前提下,运用紧急避险或推定的被害人承诺的原理来探讨行为的违法性问题。最后,对于＂扳道工＂案件,不能以风险降低为名运用假定的因果流程来否定客观归责的成立。     

关于婚姻法(修正草案)的几点思考

婚姻法 (修正草案 )还有许多不完善和值的商榷的地方 ,作者提出了如下几点修改意见 :1.增加家庭关系、特别是家庭成员间财产关系的规定 ;2 .无效婚姻应当完善宣告制度 ;3.修正夫妻财产约定后的债务清偿问题 ;4.修改“抚养”为“共同生活”,使法律规定更加准确和完善 ;5 .一些法律用语值得商榷     

家庭照料视角下家庭生育决策影响因素研究

根据北京市人口研究所2013年东城区居民生育意愿调查数据研究发现：家庭照料对家庭生育决策的影响因家庭所处生命周期的不同而有所差异，老年人能否为子女下一代提供足够的照料资源，是子女生育决策选择的重要影响因素。目前北京市育龄人群大部分处在照料孩子的单压力下，当生育第二个孩子时，老年人照料和儿童照料双重照料重叠交叉的可能性更大，儿童照料资源的供给将越来越成为制约生育决策的关键因素。家庭如何寻找新的替代性儿童照料资源或者国家和社会能够为儿童照料提供何种帮助是决定未来家庭生育决策选择的关键，因此要构建家庭友好型政策以积极应对。     

How voter mobilization from short text messages travels within households and families: Evidence from two nationwide field experiments

Through two large GOTV field experiments in two different elections, we investigate the spillover effect to other household members and family members outside the household. We mobilized young voters with cell phone text messages, a campaign tactic unlikely to be observed by other persons than the treated. The direct effect varied but approximately 30 percent spilled over to other persons in the household, even parents. The effects are subtle and we cannot with certainty establish that a spillover effect exists. However, we demonstrate, using Bayesian updating, that even an initial skeptic becomes close to convinced that the effect spills over. Our study provides evidence by suggesting that young individuals’ decision to vote affect other household members, including their parents, to do the same. When young voters live without their parents, we find no evidence of spillovers to parents, suggesting that households are more important than families ties for turnout contagion.     

Mental and physical health symptoms of family court intimate partner violence petitioners

This paper explores the impact of intimate partner violence on victim health and proposes interdisciplinary coordination between legal and mental health services as a means to assist victims. Data was collected from 95 female petitioners at an upstate New York Domestic Violence Intensive Intervention Court (DVIIC). Study participants completed surveys on physical health, mental health, and social functioning. Survey results demonstrated decreased mental health and social functioning as well as a strong willingness to utilize court-based mental health services if offered. Findings from this study support court-based settings as appropriate sites for addressing mental health needs through collaborative efforts between legal and mental health professionals.     

基于社会性别的劳动力迁移与农村留守老人的生活福利——基于劳动力流入地和流出地的调查

大规模的劳动力外迁不仅加速了农村地区的老龄化,也给农村传统的家庭养老带来了深远的影响。利用西安交通大学人口与发展研究所在安徽省巢湖农村地区进行的"安徽省老年人生活福利状况"的四期追踪调查数据和在广东省深圳市进行的"外来农村流动人口"抽样调查数据,同时面向农村人口流入地和流出地,基于社会性别视角,研究农村劳动力外迁对农村留守老人生活福利的影响。研究表明,目前的农村家庭养老表现出传统和变革共存的特征;子女外迁给农村老年父母的生活福利带来双面影响,使得老年人获得的经济支持增加的同时,也造成了对老年人的生活照料和情感支持的减少,加重了老年人照料孙子女的负担,影响了老年人的健康福利;子女在城市外出务工带来了传统孝文化的弱化,但女儿的养老功能得以增强,长期低生育率条件下发生的大规模农村人口流动使得传统依靠儿子养老的家庭养老模式开始发生转变。本文最后探讨了在劳动力外流背景下政府提高农村留守老人生活福利的政策建议。     

试论日本武士家训形成及其影响——以中日两国家族制度和家训的差异为视角

日本武士家训是日本齐家、治国安邦之训的源泉。由于中日两国家族制度的不同,导致两国在选拔人才以及用人模式上形成显著差异。伴随武士阶层统治地位的巩固和深入,促成了浓缩和凝聚日本民族性格息息相关的武士家训的产生。日本武士家训源于中国并在日本扎根,经与神佛文化相结合,通过家训的创造者对个体在社会生活中的经验总结,制定出具有简洁、通俗、真实可信特点的,能够影响和制约家族成员思想意识和行为规范的家训。经武士家训在不同历史时期的创造和重构以及在其他阶层的广泛延伸,最终成为奴役日本民族性格和精神的工具,作用于近、现代日本民族强国之途的全过程。     

From Victim to Offender: The Effects of Male Initiated Violence on Women Arrested for Using Intimate Partner Violence

A number of theorists posit that most women who are arrested for using violence against their intimate partners are in-fact victims of IPV themselves and should be treated as such. However, in this population of women IPV arrestees empirical investigation has yet to explore how physical and emotional victimization experiences are associated with arrest related factors, propensity to be abusive or attitude toward using relationship violence. The current study explores these factors finding no difference in arrest factors between women who (a) deny abuse, (b) report rare/occasional abuse and (c) report frequent/very frequent abuse. However, mixed results were found with regard to participants’ responses on scales measuring propensity to be abusive and attitudes about using violence in marriage. Theoretical and practical related issues are addressed.     

Family Structure, Community Context, and Adolescent Problem Behaviors

A number of models have been proposed to explain the relationship between family structure and adolescent problem behaviors, including several that consider parent-child relations, family income, stress, and residential mobility. However, studies have not explored whether the different types of communities within which families reside affect the association between family structure and problem behaviors. A community context model also suggests that the relationship between family structure and problem behaviors may be conditioned by community characteristics. The results of a multilevel regression model that used data from the National Educational Longitudinal Study (NELS; n = 10,286) indicated that adolescents from homes with a recently divorced mother, a mother and stepfather, a single mother, or a single father reported more problem behaviors regardless of the community context. Moreover, adolescents living in communities with a high proportion of impoverished residents, female headed households, or jobless males reported more problem behaviors irrespective of family structure.