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171.
A number of studies have shown that certain events that occur during a negotiation can alter its course. Referred to as "turning points," these events are precipitated by actions taken either outside or inside the talks that have consequences for outcomes. In this article, we report the results of two experiments designed to examine the impacts of two types of precipitating actions, external and internal. In the first experiment, which focused on external actions, we found that crises — as opposed to breakthroughs — produced more movement in negotiations in which parties viewed the social climate positively (high trust, low power). We found that parties achieved less movement in negative social climates (low trust, high power).
In the second experiment, which focused on internal actions, we found that cooperative precipitants (factors inducing change) were more likely to occur when parties negotiated in the context of positive social climates. Negotiation outcomes were also influenced by the climate: we found better individual outcomes for negotiations that occurred in positive climates (high trust, cooperative orientations). Inboth experiments, the social climate of the negotiation moderated the effects of precipitating factors on negotiation outcomes. Perceptions of trust and power filter the way negotiators interpret actions that occur outside or are taken inside a negotiation, which can lead to agreements or impasses. 相似文献
In the second experiment, which focused on internal actions, we found that cooperative precipitants (factors inducing change) were more likely to occur when parties negotiated in the context of positive social climates. Negotiation outcomes were also influenced by the climate: we found better individual outcomes for negotiations that occurred in positive climates (high trust, cooperative orientations). Inboth experiments, the social climate of the negotiation moderated the effects of precipitating factors on negotiation outcomes. Perceptions of trust and power filter the way negotiators interpret actions that occur outside or are taken inside a negotiation, which can lead to agreements or impasses. 相似文献
172.
Ninth graders (N = 679; 50% male, 50% female) from Latin American (41%), Asian (38%), and European (21%) backgrounds reported on their ethnic
identity and family attitudes and relationships. Adolescents also completed daily checklists of family interactions over a
two-week period. Results indicated that ethnic identity, measured through exploration and belonging was more strongly associated
with family obligation and assistance than with parent–child closeness and family leisure time. Adolescents from Latin American
and Asian backgrounds reported significantly higher levels of obligation and assistance as compared to adolescents with European
backgrounds, and these ethnic differences were mediated by ethnic identity. Longitudinal analyses indicated ongoing associations,
with ethnic identity predicting respect and obligation one year later. The discussion focuses on the role of ethnic identity
in children’s family connectedness during adolescence.
相似文献
Lisa KiangEmail: |
173.
EDUARDO FRAJMAN 《Bulletin of Latin American research》2009,28(1):44-62
The mass demonstrations in Costa Rica in 2000 opposing a government initiative to deregulate the electricity and telecommunications markets point to the importance of the paths of communication between the people and government leaders to understand mass political mobilisation. This article explains the surprising reaction of the Costa Rican public by focusing on the unwillingness or inability of the policy-makers to articulate their position in a way acceptable to the citizenry, leaving public space under the dominant influence of social organisations that opposed the initiative. 相似文献
174.
电子政务环境下政府业务流程再造新探 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
我国电子政务已进入了深度运用阶段,而政府业务流程再造则成为制约其发展的瓶颈。除了发展电子信息技术外,当前再造政府业务流程尤其应注重分门别类、协调相关部门规范化地推行,以及应注重公务员队伍及其文化建设的创新。 相似文献
175.
Joyce Apsel 《Human Rights Review》2009,10(2):239-259
This paper analyzes the complex historical and regional factors that contribute to the escalation of destruction from 2003
on in Darfur. Darfur is not an isolated case that suddenly erupted in violence. It is the most recent case in a long history
of repeated violations by the Sudanese state against its citizens. From the use of proxy militias (the Janjaweed) to signing
peace agreements that fragment and weaken the opposition, destruction in Darfur continues government strategies of divide
and rule. At the same time, complex regional dynamics especially between Sudan, Chad and the Central African Republic add
to violence and instability within states and across borders. The paper emphasizes the speed with which during 2003–2005 over
2.4 million were uprooted from their homes and the ongoing vulnerability of internally displaced persons to attacks, disease
and malnutrition. This restructuring of the population in Darfur is part of a strategy to control the populace and redistribute
land and other resources. The multicausal origin of the conflict and its increasing complexity points to the difficulty of
providing security for the people in Darfur and resolving the conflict.
相似文献
Joyce ApselEmail: |
176.
Family policies have traditionally been weak in Southern Europe. In the last two decades, however, and following a ‘catching up’ course, Spain has created new family programmes and expanded existing ones. Meanwhile, the picture for Italy during the years preceding the crisis is more of a ‘frozen landscape’. However, the diverging paths of the two countries in terms of policy reform in the years preceding the crisis do not place them in substantially different positions. The economic crisis and the austerity measures that followed have aggravated the weaknesses of family and care policies in both countries. 相似文献
177.
《Communist and Post》2014,47(1):39-47
This paper studies the determinants of educational outcomes in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. Using principle component analysis, least squares with robust standard errors, and probit models, I found that family resources, including socioeconomic status, cultural and social capital, show a statistically significant effect on educational achievements and plans about educational trajectories. However, little of the variation in the dependent variables can be explained by variation in family resources. In Tatarstan, as in developed countries, family resources have a low influence on educational outcomes. Moreover, school quality, gender, nationality, peers, health, plans about future work, and other physical and psychological factors play important roles in influencing educational outcomes. Girls obtain better results than boys, and Tatar speakers show higher educational achievements than Russian speakers. 相似文献
178.
Caroline Zilboorg 《Women: A Cultural Review》2013,24(3):292-295
Susan Hill's novel The Woman in Black (1983) is a radical example of women's Gothic horror. It is a popular ghost story that has been successfully adapted for the London stage. In addition, it offers a social critique of motherhood and contemporary rhetoric surrounding the family. Scullion interprets the novel from several critical perspectives: feminist, psychological, biographical, generic and intertextual. Principally, however, she offers a reading of the novel that engages with its immediate historical context. The contention is that Hill's novel mediates women's anxieties about motherhood and autonomy during the early 1980s when the institution of the family in Britain was an ideological battleground. Set primarily during the 1860s, The Woman in Black exposes Victorian hypocrisy towards the unmarried mother, and indirectly probes the quasi-Victorian values promulgated in the 1980s, during the first term of a Conservative right-wing government. The protagonist of the novel, the eponymous woman in black, resists the lot of the so-called fallen woman. In her physical form, she refuses to submit to Victorian patriarchal values by attempting to reclaim her illegitimate child. In spectral form, she repeatedly inflicts suffering on families by causing the death of their children. Her excessive revenge knows no compassion, and recognizes no boundaries of place and time. Her ghost is never laid to rest. Neither is order restored by the closing pages. Thus the novel, as well as being a popular ghost story, challenges assumptions about women's 'natural' acquiescence and their unconditionally generous responses to husbands, partners and children. Shaped by the social climate in which it was written, The Woman in Black suggests that mothers under extreme pressure have the potential, like any other members of the family, for cruelty to children. Through its forceful rejection of either idealized or derogatory stereotypes of women, this novel belongs to the genre of radical Gothic horror. 相似文献
179.
在心理学的发展历史上,文化与心理学的关系问题是心理学领域中始终存在的一个重要问题.心理过程影响文化,文化影响心理过程.个体的思想与行为随着它们在时间中的展现影响文化的形成与发展,形成与发展的文化规范与习俗等反过来又影响个体将来的思想与行为.在进化过程、认知需要、人际交流、注意、知觉、思维、归因、人格建构、对所在社会环境的态度等方面的大量研究,都支持了这些结论. 相似文献
180.
Researchers have recently suggested that the Transtheoretical Model of behavior change (TTM; Prochaska, J. O. DiClemente, C. C., and Norcross, J. C., 1992, Am. Psychol. 47: 1102–1114) might help in understanding the mechanisms through which partner assaultive men attempt to change their abusive behavior. In the present study, we present data from 2 psychometrically sound scales designed to assess the stages and processes of change in a cross-sectional sample of 250 men attending 2 batterer's intervention and prevention programs: the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment Scale for Domestic Violence (URICA-DV; Levesque, D. A., Gelles, R. J., and Velicer, W. F., 2000, Cog. Therapy Res. 24: 175–200), which assesses movement through the stages of change, and the Processes of Change Scale (POC), developed by the authors to assess self-reported usage of behavior change processes. Cross-validated cluster analyses indicated a three-cluster solution based upon URICA-DV scores: Immotive, Unprepared Action, and Preparticipation. Results indicated that individuals in more advanced stages of change reported using more behavior change processes, although this did not appear to result from being in treatment for a longer period of time. These data are interpreted in light of recent data indicating relatively small effect sizes for batterer's treatment programs and how assessment of the stages and processes of change might assist in matching men to different levels of treatment. 相似文献