The urban household in Russia and the Soviet Union, 1900–2000: Patterns of family formation in a turbulent century

Starting from census data on co-residence and household composition, the authors analyse principles of family organisation and family formation in twentieth-century urban Russia and the Soviet Union. The article uses an adapted version of the classification of households developed by Peter Laslett and Eugene Hammel to study variation in household structure for successive population censuses. Changes in this variation between cross-sections are explained with the help of additional quantitative and qualitative data and are linked to the fundamental demographic, social and economic shifts which took place in Russian society in the course of the twentieth century. The article finds a family system characterised by a tendency towards nuclear family formation, but incorporating a fairly stable element of household extension. Co-residence of three generations was both an answer to a perennial housing problem and offered important advantages in the sphere of childcare and care for the elderly. Variation and fluctuation in household structure are found to be most pronounced during the turbulent first half of the century. After a period of stability during the post-war decades of Soviet rule, post-Soviet transformations provoke new changes.     

Caregiver Stress and Elder Abuse among Korean Family Caregivers of Older Adults with Disabilities

This study aims to identify risk factors and mediating factors of elder abuse among older adults with disabilities being cared for by their family caregivers. The data were based on a sample of 1,000 primary family caregivers from the Comprehensive Study for the Elderly Welfare Policy in Seoul (2003). Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to identify significant indicators for the degree of elder abuse, such as cognitive impairment, functional ability (ADL), caregiving involvement, economic strain, caregiver burden, and social support for the degree of elder abuse. In the full model, ADLs, cognitive problems, economic strain, caregiver burden, informal social support, and formal social support were significantly associated with elder abuse. The findings suggest that psychosocial support services and programs for family caregivers are needed to prevent and reduce the prevalence of elder abuse in South Korea. The research data were drawn with permission from the Seoul Development Institute and this project was funded by the Seoul Metropolitan City Mayor’s Office, Welfare & Women’s Bureau.     

我国家族企业非家族经理的作用与激励研究

家族企业在我国企业中占据相当大的比重，对我国经济的发展起了举足轻重的作用。而家族企业中的非家族经理对企业成功和延续的作用又是不可忽略的。非家族经理的存在有其必要性，非家族经理相对于家族所有者对家族企业有着不同感知，为了充分发挥非家族经理的作用而对应非家族经理所采取的激励措施。     

依恋的内部工作模型

内部工作模型是Bowlby依恋理论中的重要概念,研究者就其内容、结构、形成和发展过程及其内在的认知、情感机制、行为策略、与依恋风格个体差异的关系等方面提出大量的理论假设,并围绕这些问题进行了大量的实证研究,但由于发展的不成熟,该领域仍存在着许多问题有待解决.内部工作模型是以层级形式组织的多层多维模型,相关证据也证实了不同内部工作模型的存在,也指出了它们的相关关系,但对于内部工作模型的具体组织形式,研究者迄今并没有给出准确的论述.就内部工作模型的作用机制而言,现有的研究多以概括水平的工作模型为研究对象,并未明确具体水平的工作模型对依恋行为的影响.     

最早的武士家训《北条重时家训》——以作者及其思想受容为中心

武士家训是了解武士道的内含、武士生活及其思想的重要史料。一般认为日本现存最早的武士家训是北条重时所作的《六波罗殿御家训》与《极乐寺殿御消息》，即《北条重时家训》。但是从内容来看，《六波罗殿御家训》的作者很可能并非北条重时，而是北条泰时为长子北条时氏所作。此家训的内容受到佛教三世思想的影响，还体现了儒家的“礼治”思想。《极乐寺殿御消息》的内容可以看作神、佛、儒、道思想的综合体，包含了武士道最初的意义内涵及精神实质，为后世的各种武士道体系提供了理论基础。     

Capitalism,workers organising and the shifting meanings of workplace democracy

This article explores the limits imposed by a capitalist system of industrial relations on the construction of workplace democracy. It does so by focusing on the experiences of two grass-roots organisations, from both the formal and informal sectors of the economy, in the context of contemporary Argentina. Against one-sided and abstract views of union democracy, the article argues that, for a critical engagement on the issue of democracy, we should go beyond analyses that consider this in isolation from the material, institutional and ideological capitalist context within which unions’ actions are inserted. Democracy permeates the life of unions as collective organisations, but the struggle for control in a context of unbalanced power shapes democracy as a practice. Questions about the right balance between democratic decision-making and delegation and between efficiency and accountability in unions remain open.     

唐代百济移民祢氏家族墓志相关问题研究

西安市长安区郭杜镇已出土可以确定为唐代百济移民祢氏家族的四合墓志。其中作为百济第三代移民祢仁秀墓志文,证实其祖父祢寔进在唐罗联军进攻百济过程中起到了决定性作用,祢仁秀的叔祖祢军墓志文中出现＂日本＂两字,将现有墓志史料所见＂日本＂两字提前了二十余年,祢仁秀的父亲祢素士墓志文清楚记载了祖父祢寔进墓志中不曾记载的内容。至于文献中出现的祢植到底是祢寔进还是祢军？祢寔进为什么最终行薨莱州黄县？四合墓志中涉及祢氏家族祖先问题如何理解？依据现存史料记载,本文均给予了可以自圆其说的解释。百济移民祢氏家族墓志的公布,对于唐代百济移民史、古代东北亚国家关系史研究,均可起到重要的推动作用。     

夫妻财产关系法律异化和回归之反思

亲属法无论是在属性上,还是在功能上都具有其独特品质,而夫妻财产关系不同于一般的财产关系,它是以身份作为前提,因此其在属性和适用规则上与财产法皆有不同.如果亲属关系立法及司法解释忽略这一点,则必然走向自己的反面,从而导致亲属法及其所调整法律关系的异化,使得亲属法时常变得不近人情,甚至产生负能量.如何避免和防范法律和法律关系异化,促使民众认同法律,不对法律规则产生疏离感,我们应该做出何种努力和承担何种学术担当.理论研究只有与人们实际上如何形成信念以及如何按照信念而行动的研究结合起来,法律的异化才可以避免.     

MGM Grand Sanya

正From July 1 to August 31,the entertaining and creative"MGM Happy Family Package"of the MGM Grand Sanya once again leads the i eld in children’s summer vacation programs.This year there are even more activities on of er,including a free barbecue dinner,a magical family bubble show,and a daily children’s summer camp.The popular Kid’s Club