Recent human sexual dimorphism study using cephalometric plots on lateral teleradiography and discriminant function analysis

Abstract:  The examination of skull sexual dimorphism has been the subject of numerous morphologic and craniometric studies, but the disadvantage of these studies is that they are dependent on the experience of the operator and involve subjectivity. In 1996, a team from Taiwan refined the methods enabling the sex of an individual to be determined using cephalometric plots made from lateral teleradiography. To validate their work using a European population, 114 dry skulls (59 men and 55 women) were examined. Cephalometric plots were made on lateral teleradiography with an orthodontic software and 18 cephalometric variables were analyzed. Sex was determined with 95.6% accuracy using the 18 variables discriminant function. A subset of eight variables was selected and could predict sex with the same accuracy. In conclusion, it can be said that skull-sexing methods using lateral teleradiography seem always suitable but the most indicative variables could differ relative to the ethnic population concerned.     

Demographic change and forensic identification: problems in metric identification of Hispanic skeletons

The United States (U.S.) population structure is currently in a state of flux with one of the most profound changes being the increasing number of people referred to as Hispanic. In the U.S., much of the identification criteria for a biological profile are based on American Black and White individuals from anatomical collections. Using metric data from the Forensic Anthropology Data Bank (FDB), this paper will attempt to explore several issues that forensic anthropologists face when confronted with Hispanic remains. These will involve estimation of sex, height, and ancestry, the initial components of a biological profile. Discriminant function analyses indicate that American White criteria provide poor estimations of sex when applied to Hispanics and that ancestry estimation of Hispanic crania is difficult. Additionally, a new linear regression equation is presented that estimates stature for Hispanic individuals, although population specific criteria are still needed for Hispanic individuals from diverse geographical origins.     

A metric method for sex determination using the proximal femur and fragmentary hipbone

The pubic bone is considered one of the best sources of information for determining sex using skeletal remains, but can be easily damaged postmortem. This problem has led to the development of nonpelvic methods for cases when the pubic bone is too damaged for analysis. We approached this problem from a different perspective. In this article, we present an approach using new measurements and angles of the proximal femur to recreate the variation in the pubic bone. With a sample from the Terry Collection (n > 300), we use these new variables along with other traditional measurements of the femur and hipbone to develop two logistic regression equations (femur and fragmentary hipbone, and femur only) that are not population specific. Tests on an independent sample (Grant Collection; n = 37-40) with a different pattern of sexual dimorphism resulted in an allocation accuracy of 95-97% with minimal difference by sex.     

What can glove impression evidence reveal about assailants? A pilot study

Impressions and marks are expected components of any crime scene.There is nothing more disappointing for fingerprint experts than finding glove marks at a crime scene.The forensic expert’s primary task in such cases is to compare the characteristic features of glove impressions with the characteristics of a suspect.The aim of the present study was to determine whether additional information could be obtained from glove prints.Specifically,whether they could be used to help to predict the sex and stature of a suspect was investigated,as was the potential for ascertaining additional information in cases where such prints were recovered from diverse objects with different diameters.Male and female participants wore latex gloves,and after ink was applied to the gloves they grasped objects of different diameters(2,4,6 and 8 cm).Impressions of gloved flat hands were also obtained.Phalangeal and finger lengths were measured digitally via software.Sex and stature were successfully estimated based on impressions derived from gloved flat hands and from prints on various grasped objects.A regression equation was developed for stature prediction,and a discriminant equation was developed for sex prediction.     

青少年性犯罪的动机类型与针对性预防措施框架

情感型、冲动型和好胜型的动机分类整体上涵盖了青少年性犯罪人群,针对类型化的青少年性犯罪动机建构预防措施具备理论与实证指导价值。应细心引导青少年走出感情迷茫,填充其思维空间,树立情感驱动型青少年性犯罪人正确的感情观念。以社会压力为前置力量、自我控制为终极推动的对合式自我控制引导青少年解除性神秘感。努力理解好胜驱动型青少年性犯罪人的文化挫折情绪,协助其生成与个人发展相契合的社会法则。     

深刻理解全面贯彻落实科学发展观

树立和落实科学发展观,必须处理好经济发展与人的全面发展的关系、人与自然的关系、区域协调关系、经济增长与发展的关系。落实科学发展观必须转变发展观念,树立正确的政绩观,努力推进各种形式的创新。     

认识和把握执政兴国第一要务

深刻认识和正确把握执政党建设与社会主义国家经济发展的关系 ,把发展作为执政兴国的第一要务 ,是共产党成为执政党后提出的新课题。为此 ,我们党要始终代表先进生产力发展的要求 ,认真研究经济问题和不断提高领导经济发展的能力。     

STR和性别位点PCR产物的荧光自动检测

运用荧光染料标记引物、变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳 (denaturingpolyacrylamidegelelec trophoresis,denaturingPAGE)结合荧光法检测6个STR位点 (vWA31A、TH01、F13A1、FES、TPOX、CSF1PO)及1个性别鉴定位点(Amelogenin) ,就荧光自动检测的重复性、准确性、分辩力等方面进行了研究 ,建立了6个STR位点等位基因判定视窗及用荧光DNA测序仪进行STR分析的方法 ,实现电脑自动判读结果。结果表明 ,本文所述STR和性别鉴定的自动检测方法可靠、分辨力高 (可达1bp) ,所得数据有助于荧光自动DNA分型软件系统的数据积累。     

Continuity in crime: Sex and age differences

This study deals primarily with the question of continuity in serious criminality. The study follows a cohort consisting of 15,117 individuals from the age of 15 years through the age of 30 years. The age-based transition probabilities are studied, both for males and for females, showing that the transitions for females conform to a first-order Markov chain, so that the original matrices can be seen as estimates from a single parent matrix. This was not the case for males. The predictive power of prior criminality for later transition probabilities is also studied. Finally, the difference between stating that a given percentage will relapse in crime and the ability to make real prediction is emphasized.