How Many Europes? Fragmentation in the European Space since the Great Recession

ABSTRACT

Since the Great Recession started in the late 2000s, the European Union (EU) has experienced an acute crisis that has triggered internal divisions among EU members. Three factors can help shed light on this tendency towards political fragmentation: economics and finance, culture, and territory. Each of these reveals a specific ‘geography’, in terms of policies and narratives, of the current malaise regarding the EU project and the limits of the Union in addressing issues important for the domestic debates of its members. Such discontent, as well as anti-EU sentiment, fuels strong political reactions including populism and anti-elitism that could further fragment the EU in the future.     

《大札撒》中宗教问题探析

法律维护的是当时的社会秩序,宗教坚持的是未世的内心信仰。法律与宗教的关系有时表现为和谐共治,有时表现为消耗对抗。如何处理二者的关系,是每个时期都必须慎重对待的重大问题。成吉思汗在统一蒙古的过程中,很好地利用了本土宗教,结束了蒙古各部的战乱;在对外扩张中,制定了符合当时现状的宗教政策,并将其以法律的形式予以确定,使法律与宗教的关系在统一和征服的战争中出现了良性互动的奇迹。     

The Baltic miracle? The economic crisis and its consequences for young people in the labor market of the Baltic states, 2007–2017

ABSTRACT

The financial crisis (2008–2009) resulted in significant deterioration of the youth labor market in the Baltic states. In 2017, however, the Baltic states were among the countries with the highest employment-to-population ratio in Europe (the ‘Baltic Miracle’). This article shows that the observed progress is mostly due to the demographic changes in the three countries. Isolating the demographic effect demonstrated that it played crucial role in mitigating the negative effects of the crisis, especially in Latvia and Lithuania. The results of the study show that in 2017 only in Estonia had the youth labor market returned to its precrisis conditions.     

The political economy of subsidiarity in labour market reforms: the United Kingdom and Italy in times of crises

ABSTRACT

This article seeks to contribute to the literature centred on the principle of subsidiarity by highlighting the way in which political actors apply different dimensions of subsidiarity, horizontal versus vertical, in the field of labour market policy. It compares labour market reforms in Britain and Italy in the wake of international economic crises, shedding light on the role of subsidiarity dimensions. It shows that Britain applied the principle of horizontal subsidiarity in quasi-market mechanisms while Italy chiefly resorted to the vertical dimension that helped shifting labour market policies from income replacement to welfare-to-work. Additionally, the article explores how the principle of subsidiarity may affect the relationships between the European Union on one side and Britain and Italy on the other in the field of labour market policies.     

论明代四大奇书传说里的“马”话语

以明代四大奇书传说中提到的"马”为切入点,采用民俗学的方法,重点分析民间传说中的"马”话语,研究这个话语所传达的华北民间文化的认同意识.在亚太地区,如在东亚、东北亚和南亚,"马”词汇里还包裹着一层层的其他文化含义,如农耕民俗、马背民俗、阶层等级、佛教信仰、动物民俗等,这些民间风俗和民间信仰,在亚太各国的文化交流史上,也是一个值得注意的现象,近年正在引起亚洲民俗学者的重视.而在我国明代四大奇书的传说中,早已表现出了这样诸多的文化因素.     

《大元通制》渊源考辨

由于人们对《元史·刑法志》一段简要而含混记述的误读,造成了法律史上的一桩“悬案”,即《大元通制》渊源之谜。本文从追溯元代前期艰难的修律立法历程入手,结合当时社会政治生态环境,对《大元通制》的本原作了详尽的探索。《大元通制》是世祖以降数十年修订律书的摸索与奋斗的产物,而仁宗“延祜律书草案”则是《大元通制》凭据的直接蓝本。本文对《大元通制》“难产”的缘由进行了剖析,认为延(?)、至治年间,仗恃兴圣太后权势的“后党”保守派与皇帝为首的“帝党”改革派之间激烈政争,是《大元通制》难产的主要原因。     

Effects of Perceived Control on the Relationship Between Perceived Parental Rearing Behaviors and Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression in Nonclinical Preadolescents

This study examined mediational and moderational effects of perceived control on the relationship between perceived parental rearing behaviors and symptoms of anxiety and depression in a nonclinical sample of youths aged 11–14 years. Correlational analyses demonstrated that higher levels of negative parental rearing practices were associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression, which at the same time were related to lower levels of perceived control. Furthermore, no evidence was found for the presence of mediational effects of perceived control on the link between perceived parental rearing behaviors and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Finally, there was a moderational effect of perceived control on the link between anxious rearing and anxiety symptoms. While the presence of low perceived control and high anxious rearing yielded relatively high anxiety levels, it was especially the combination of high perceived control and low anxious rearing that clearly yielded the lowest anxiety levels.     

The Role of Parental and Peer Attachment in the Psychological Health and Self-Esteem of Adolescents

This paper presents the results of 3 studies examining the relationships of parental attachment, peer attachment, and self-esteem to adolescent psychological health. A model is presented in which parental attachment directly influences both psychological health and self-esteem and the influence of peer attachment on psychological health is totally mediated by self-esteem. Using structural equation modeling, Study 1 evaluates the model on a sample of 1998 Norwegian high school students (aged 12–19 years). With some modifications it is found to be a satisfactory fit. Study 2 replicates Study 1 using a sample of 358 Australian high school students (aged 15–18 years). A multisample analysis revealed no significant differences between the model for Studies 1 and 2. Study 3 was a further successful replication employing alternative measures of the constructs considered with a sample of 345 Australian high school students (aged 15–19 years). The major finding from all 3 studies is that the role of peer and parental attachment on psychological health is primarily meditated by self-esteem. Implications for research elucidating the links between attachment and specific aspects of self-esteem are discussed.     

Gender Differences in Rates of Depressive Symptoms Among Low-Income,Urban, African American Youth: A Test of Two Mediational Hypotheses

The present study tested for gender differences in depressive symptoms in a sample of 622 low-income, urban, African American adolescents. Results indicate that adolescent girls in this sample were significantly more likely to endorse depressive symptoms than were boys. To examine possible explanations for this gender difference, 2 variables were tested as mediators of the relation between gender and depressive symptoms: (1) interpersonal stressors and (2) ruminative coping. Results indicate that ruminative coping, but not interpersonal stressors, mediated the relation between gender and depressive symptoms in this sample. Possible explanations for these findings, in light of the common and unique experiences of low-income, urban youth of color, are explored.     

论次区域合作执行机制的构建

大湄公河次区域经济合作,是中国——东盟区域经济合作组织之下的次区域经济合作组织形式。中国参与大湄公河次区域经济合作的建设目标是,把大湄公河次区域建设成中国与东盟自由贸易区的先行示范区,先行先试的自由贸易区。但是,在次区域的法律框架内,没有执行机制,呈现制度性体制性缺陷。执行机制是次区域各国实现合作的必要条件和保障,没有具体和制度性的执行机制,势必影响次区域合作目标的顺利实现。弥补体制性缺陷,构建简便、灵活、有效、易于操作的初级执行机制,逐步推动初级执行机制的成熟并向正式机制的过渡,是现实条件约束下的最佳选择。