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排序方式: 共有793条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
211.
Martin Binder 《Human Rights Review》2009,10(3):327-348
How has the international community responded to humanitarian crises after the end of the Cold War? While optimistic ideational perspectives on global governance stress the importance of humanitarian norms and argue that humanitarian crises have been increasingly addressed, more skeptical realist accounts point to material interests and maintain that these responses have remained highly selective. In empirical terms, however, we know very little about the actual extent of selectivity since, so far, the international community’s reaction to humanitarian crises has not been systematically examined. This article addresses this gap by empirically examining the extent and the nature of the selectivity of humanitarian crises. To do so, the most severe humanitarian crises in the post-Cold War era are identified and examined for whether and how the international community responded. This study considers different modes of crisis response (ranging from inaction to military intervention) and different actors (including states, international institutions, and nonstate actors), yielding a more precise picture of the alleged “selectivity gap” and a number of theoretical implications for contemporary global security governance. 相似文献
212.
This article offers a thorough analysis of the unintended impact economic sanctions have on political repression—referred
to in this study as the level of the government respect for democratic freedoms and human rights. We argue that economic coercion
is a counterproductive policy tool that reduces the level of political freedoms in sanctioned countries. Instead of coercing
the sanctioned regime into reforming itself, sanctions inadvertently enhance the regime’s coercive capacity and create incentives
for the regime’s leadership to commit political repression. Cross-national time series data support our argument, confirming
that the continued use of economic sanctions (even when aimed at promoting political liberalization and respect for human
rights) will increase the level of political repression. These findings suggest that both scholars and policy makers should
pay more attention to the externalities caused by economic coercion.
相似文献
A. Cooper DruryEmail: |
213.
Munmun Jha 《Human Rights Review》2009,10(2):205-218
This paper portrays the nature of child workers in India and seeks to understand its many complexities. It looks at the definition
of child labour, the extent of its prevalence, the reasons why children work, and the occupations they are engaged in. It
outlines India’s position on international obligations, its expanding domestic laws, and the tardy implementation of these
laws. It examines some of the inherent cultural constraints and the role of values and beliefs in perpetuating child labour.
It analyses the relationship between education and child workers, and a possible solution in the form of compulsory education.
The paper emphasises that child workers in India are from the marginalized sections and do not work out of choice. It stresses
that this phenomenon is, above all, a problem for the children. The paper concludes by advocating the need to discard attitudes
that are discriminatory or rationalise abuse, and the need to adopt a rights-based, child-centred approach to counter the
increasing number of child workers.
相似文献
Munmun JhaEmail: |
214.
Elena Pariotti 《Human Rights Review》2009,10(2):139-155
During this age of globalisation, the law is characterised by an ever diminishing hierarchical framework, with an increasing
role played by non-state actors. Such features are also pertinent for the international enforceability of human rights. With
respect to human rights, TNCs seem to be given broadening obligations, which approach the borderline between ethics and law.
The impact of soft law in this context is also relevant. This paper aims to assess whether, and to what extent, this trend
could be a proper path to enforce the legal accountability of transnational corporations for human rights. It will be argued
that the interplay between law and ethics should be assessed differently depending on which kind of correlative duty is at
stake. With regard to negative duties, soft law tools concerning TNCs’ conduct may weaken the impact of hard law. By contrast,
when positive duties are concerned, insofar as the horizontal effect of rights cannot be assumed, soft law turns out to be
much more useful.
相似文献
Elena PariottiEmail: |
215.
《Communist and Post》2014,47(1):39-47
This paper studies the determinants of educational outcomes in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. Using principle component analysis, least squares with robust standard errors, and probit models, I found that family resources, including socioeconomic status, cultural and social capital, show a statistically significant effect on educational achievements and plans about educational trajectories. However, little of the variation in the dependent variables can be explained by variation in family resources. In Tatarstan, as in developed countries, family resources have a low influence on educational outcomes. Moreover, school quality, gender, nationality, peers, health, plans about future work, and other physical and psychological factors play important roles in influencing educational outcomes. Girls obtain better results than boys, and Tatar speakers show higher educational achievements than Russian speakers. 相似文献
216.
Gemma Sou 《Third world quarterly》2018,39(3):510-526
This article critically analyses the representational practices of serious (video) games that focus on refugees. It argues that the technological form of serious games can simulate the historical, political and socio-economic factors that shape why refugees leave their home country and their experiences when travelling to host countries. They are able to mobilise intellectual agendas which challenge the de-contextualised representations of refugees typical in traditional media. As such, they challenge players to critically reflect on the complexities of refugee experiences and politics, thereby presenting a potential to move away from grand emotional discourses of pity and compassion. 相似文献
217.
FRANCESCA KLUG 《The Political quarterly》2009,80(3):420-426
This article examines the pronouncements and positions of the leading political parties on the Human Rights Act and the proposals for a new British Bill of Rights and Responsibilities. It analyses the main arguments made in support of a British Bill of Rights and Responsibilities, which are advanced around five main issues: security, the judges, parliamentary sovereignty, responsibilities and 'British rights'. The article was written before the government published the Green Paper Rights and Responsibilities: developing our constitutional framework in March 2009 and provides a political context with which to analyse it. 相似文献
218.
Timothy H. Goldsmith 《Society》2009,46(4):341-346
Biological science is deepening our understanding of life at a brisk rate, but interdisciplinary discourse is not keeping
pace. This essay offers an account of themes from evolutionary biology that can enrich appreciation of the complexities of
human behavior. Because this topic touches fields with different and more traditional perspectives, frictions and misunderstandings
exist, and I have employed examples from a single source in order to clarify the science. In her critique of evolutionary
psychology published in her book Scandalous Knowledge, the social theorist Barbara Herrnstein Smith has set forth views that are not in harmony with either evolutionary biology
or cognitive neuroscience. She asserts that specialized features of mental processing postulated by evolutionary psychologists
are without empirical justification; further, she dismisses the concept as embracing “non-physical mental organs.” There exist,
however, numerous examples of how brains process information in specific, functional ways, frequently characteristic of the
species. Furthermore, the charge of “non-physical mental organs” is not only wrong; it reveals a failure to recognize that
biology has two complementary modes of explanation. One is historical and addresses cause in terms of the historical course
of evolution and the process of natural selection. The other is proximate and includes many levels of analysis from molecular
to social. Because brains have evolutionary histories, the ‘function’ of a particular aspect of mental processing can have
a hypothetical explanation in terms of adaptive advantage that is independent of any knowledge of the underlying neural circuitry.
A computational model of the brain and representational processing of sensory information, however, are both compatible with
observed properties of neurons in the retina and visual cortex as well as with evolutionary processes. Finally, study of the
mental processes of non-human primates provides insight into the evolution of our own minds.
相似文献
Timothy H. GoldsmithEmail: |
219.
220.
Marta Iñiguez de Heredia 《Human Rights Review》2008,9(3):299-316
This paper examines the UN 2000 Trafficking Protocol in the context of international responses to the issue of people trafficking. Attention is drawn to the conceptual flaws in this new instrument regarding the failure to address domestic trafficking, not incorporating the purchasing and selling of people as defining characteristics of trafficking, and the lack of clarity around issues of prostitution. Framing the discussion within feminist theory, the essay concludes that women’s campaigning will continue to be crucial to putting issues such as human trafficking on the international political agenda. This is extended to affirm that people’s struggle against oppressive circumstances will lead the tackling of the underlying causes of trafficking. 相似文献