从佘祥林案谈公安执法工作中的人权保障

据现有材料,不能排除公安机关在佘案办理中存在严重侵权行为。公安执法工作中侵犯人权的问题屡屡发生,有执法思想偏离本源、法律法规尚不完善、执法定势难以纠正、执法监督存在缺位等原因。公安执法要加强人权保障,必须牢固树立“尊重和保障人权”的理念,形成合理的执法观念,完善并严格执行相关法律法规,更新执法思维、行为模式,切实加强执法监督。     

保安处分制度与刑法中的人权保障机制——兼谈我国劳动教养制度的立法改革

保安处分制度是现代刑法理论和刑法制度发展的产物 ,其由不同流派的法学家倡导形成了与刑罚关系上的一元论与二元论对应的立法体例。本文从保安处分制度的形成、发展及其与人权保障的关系上 ,探讨了我国劳动教养制度的修改的立法体例 ,使之符合我国参加的国际人权公约的规定。     

The expression of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 in traumatic brain injury

It is well recognized that glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter, which is removed from the synaptic cleft by excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) located on the perisynaptic astrocytes and that neuronal death has been associated with an increased extracellular glutamate concentration. In this study, we have immunohistochemically demonstrated the expression of EAAT2 protein in the human brain after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The EAAT2 expression patterns can be divided into three types: continuous and highly extensive staining (E); continuous but sporadic staining (M); and sporadic pattern staining (S). In six of the nine short survival cases studied (1 h to 1 day), continuous and highly extensive staining for EAAT2 (E type) was observed in the ipsilateral cerebral cortex. On the other hand, we were able to demonstrate weak staining (S and M types) in 5 of the 7 long survival cases (≥1 day) and in 12 of the 14 very short survival cases (<1 h) studied. Similar findings were obtained in the contralateral cerebral cortex and also in the ipsilateral hippocampus. In addition, positive staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein was detected around the cerebral contusion, but the EAAT2-positive expression was not observed in the same region for all of the six short and long survival cases (≥1 h) after TBI. These findings clearly showed the differences in EAAT2 expression in the cerebral cortex according to the survival time and severity of cerebral contusion after TBI. Therefore, we emphasized that EAAT2 might play an important role in contributing to extracellular glutamate concentrations and secondary brain injury after TBI.     

胎儿的HLA-A、-B抗原的测定——附4例测定结果报告

本文介绍了用 NIH 技术成功地测定了四例胎龄为8个月至6个月胎儿的 HLA-A、-B 抗原的结果,提出了在实验中常遇到的问题和解决的办法,以及评定结果时注意的事项。本方法在某些亲子鉴定案件中具有重要实用意义。     

中国少数民族人权述评——基于政治权利的角度

中国少数民族人权从主体的角度包括集体人权和个体人权;其中基本的政治权利是人权的重要组成部分;少数民族人权的实现程度在一定程度上取决于人们对于基本政治权利内涵的理解和制度理性设计。     

国际法与国际法治：新问题，新规则，新发展（专题）——控制国际犯罪与尊重基本人权问题探析

在控制国际犯罪的同时注重对人权的保护,是现代法治社会的基本要求。为了保护人权,国际社会将最严重侵犯基本人权的行为界定为国际犯罪。在控制国际犯罪与尊重基本人权问题上,国家与国际组织都承担了相应的义务与责任。犯有国际罪行的个人,也必须承担有关责任。     

工资的省际差异与平衡——一个基于效用均衡观点的分析

近几年来,公务员的工资在不断地上涨,而同时存在的事实是:各地公务员的工资收入存在着较大的差异,公务员的工资与其它行业的工资相比也存在着很大的差异。对于公务员工资是高是低的争论由来已久,那么,如何衡量公务员工资的高低?公务员工资调整的依据是什么?以Adams的公平理论和Niskanen的官员(Bureaucrats)效用模型为基础,结合修正的Mulligan,Sala-I-Martin人力资本投入模型,计算了全国各个省(自治区、直辖市)的均衡水平工资。结果表明:东部地区的均衡工资与实际水平偏离较小,而西部欠发达地区偏离较大。经过分析为公务员工资的调整提供了一个定量分析的参考依据。     

论警察权行使的原则

警察是政府的重要组成部分。警察权力的运行不仅关系到一国的国家主权和社会秩序．而且与公民的人身自由及生命财产息息相关。特别是在市场经济条件下,公安机关只有依法行使警察权,才能保障公民权利的实现。行使警察权力的实质就是运用警察权力对社会行为进行干预,是依据有关的法律规范来调整关乎国家安全和社会治安秩序的社会关系。行使警察权必须遵循五项原则,即法定原则、公共原则、责任原则、比例原则、程序原则。     

Why Human Rights Should Matter to Conservatives

In a speech given to the University of London's Constitution Unit and Judicial Institute on 3 December 2014, the Rt Hon Dominic Grieve QC MP challenged Conservatives to think carefully about the party's proposal to break the link between British courts and the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg. Grieve recalled why the United Kingdom signed the Convention in the first place and, although recognising that the Court's approach has been on occasion properly criticised and may present difficulties, argued that the reforms embodied in the Brighton Declaration 2012 are bearing fruit. He provided a critical exposition of the Conservative paper ‘Protecting Human Rights in the UK: the Conservatives’ Proposals for changing Britain's Human Rights Laws’ (October 2014) and concluded that Conservatives should want to remain within the jurisdiction of the ECHR to maintain and ensure the Court's effectiveness and continued viability.     

Unequal access to human rights: the categories of noncitizenship

Abstract

International human rights law consists of a body of basic rights and principles that States are to enforce with respect to every person within their borders. The unfortunate reality, however, is that many States are incapable of ensuring the rights of everyone, and in some instances simply do not wish to do so. Accordingly, citizenship serves as an acknowledgment by a State that the status holder is entitled to a higher degree of protection. Conversely, noncitizens may enjoy less rights than citizens, and certain categories of noncitizens frequently find themselves outside of the State’s protection entirely. This article outlines many of the rights that international law directs should be enjoyed by every human being, the factors that contribute to unequal enjoyment of these rights, and the categories of noncitizen associated with the mediated allocation of basic human rights.