Lipidic compounds found in soils surrounding human decomposing bodies and its use in forensic investigations – A narrative review

Following decomposition of a human body, a variety of decomposition products, such as lipids, are released into the surrounding environment, e.g. soils. The long-lasting preservation in soils and their high diagnostic potential have been neglected in forensic research. Furthermore, little is known about the preservation, chemical transformation, or degradation of those human derived lipids in soils. To date, several studies identified various lipids such as long-chain free fatty acids and steroids in soils that contained decomposition fluids. Those lipids are preserved in soils over time and could serve as markers of human decomposition in forensic investigations, e.g. for estimating the post-mortem interval or identifying the burial location of a human body. Therefore, this review focuses on the current literature regarding fatty acid and steroid that have been detected in soils and associated with human body decomposition. After a short introduction about human decomposition processes, this review summarises fatty acid and steroid analysis applied in current case studies and studies related to taphonomic research. This review provides an overview of the available studies that have used fatty acids and steroids as identifiers of human decomposition fluid in soils in a forensic context and discusses the potential for developing this innovative field of research with direct application in a forensic context.     

有偿采供血或吸毒致艾滋病毒携带和艾滋病人群的舌象特点

目的 通过临床调查研究因有偿采供血、吸毒致艾滋病毒(human immunodeficiency virus, HIV)携带和(或)艾滋病(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS)人群的舌象特点. 方法 运用舌象拍摄和专家分析相结合的方法,对有偿采供血或吸毒致HIV携带和(或)AIDS人群的舌象特点进行比较和分析. 结果 有偿采供血或吸毒致HIV携带和(或)AIDS人群中出现率较高的舌象有:热象舌色出现率分别为63.64%和65.71%,瘀象舌色出现率分别为33.64%和41.14%,胖大和(或)齿痕舌分别为40.45%和45.14%,裂纹舌分别为35%和26.86%;两类人群均以白苔居多,黄苔出现率分别是23.18%、28.00%,厚苔的出现率分别是40.45%和31.43%,腻苔出现率分别是65.91%和82.29%. 结论 两组人群的舌象表现较为一致,HIV携带者和(或)AIDS患者常见舌象特点是:舌质红;苔厚腻,以白腻居多;舌体胖大或有齿痕;有瘀象.