A review of developments and changes in the world＇s constitutions

The constitution is a living document, which being the case, there is a need to increase the understanding of the constitution through systematic research and teaching at various levels. This paper aims to be a catalyst that inspires creative action to claim and advance certain new constitutional rights encapsulated in various world＇s constitutions. It seeks to raise awareness of new constitutional rights. World＇s most constitutions have incorporated constitutional provisions that ensure the entrenched new fundamental human rights. The latest constitutions, including South African constitution of 1996 are advanced and have included significant number of rights which were left out in the old constitutions. The courts are given the widest possible powers to develop and forge new remedies for protection of constitutional rights and the enforcement of constitutional duties.     

缓刑功能初探

就缓刑功能而言,从横向层次看,缓刑对犯罪人具有特殊机制威慑、非实质性剥夺、社会化矫正的功能;对被害人具有促进获得补偿、提供谅解渠道的功能;对社会其他成员则具有保护社区、重新整合社区的功能。从纵向层次看,缓刑在削刑阶段具有维持报应的功能,在量刑阶段具有恢复秩序的功能,在执行阶段则具有节约成本的功能。     

韦纳归因理论在警察工作中的应用

韦纳的归因理论认为,归因方式不同,个体的行为反应和情感反应也不同。就警察来说,不同的归因方式会影响到警察的情感、成就期望和动机、团队归属感和认同感,进而影响到警察队伍的集体效能感。韦纳的归因理论可以广泛应用于警察选拔、培训和工作激励,帮助警察形成积极的归因方式,提高警察的自信心和工作积极性,进而提高整个警察队伍的集体效能感。     

论破产法上债务人高管人员民事责任的追究

The Enterprise Bankruptcy Law has designed the regime for debtor’s senior managers to bear civil liabilities, while the framework design concerning the prosecution mechanism of civil liabilities is still unclear. How to establish a prosecution mechanism of civil liabilities of debtor’s senior managers in line with the purposes of the bankruptcy regime is a substantial issue during the implementation of Enterprise Bankruptcy Law. The realization of the civil liabilities regime of debtor’s senior managers depends on the establishment and operation of a relatively well-developed prosecution mechanism of civil liabilities. The focus of the prosecution mechanism of civil liabilities is to determine the subject of prosecution of civil liabilities, the way to realize civil liabilities, and the special hearing proceedings and authorities of the court. Taking steps to clarify and improve the prosecution mechanism of civil liabilities focusing on the subjects of prosecution (debtor’s senior managers) and authorities of the court, is the essence and systematic safeguard of realizing the civil liabilities regime of debtor’s senior managers in the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law. Gan Peizhong, Ph.D, is a professor of law and director of the Research Center for Enterprise and Company Law at Peking University. Prof. Gan is a recognized expert on economic law, company law, bankruptcy law and the reform of state-owned enterprises in China. He has released numerous articles on Chinese law journals and published many books. His major publications include Encyclopedia of Chinese Economic Law (vice editor-in-chief), New Studies on Economic Law (co-editor), New Studies on Enterprise Law (author), Studies on Chinese Economic Adjudication (editor-in-chief), Studies on Foreign Economic Law in Beijing (editor-in-chief), General Theories on Economic Law (co-editor), Legitimate Exercise of the Corporate Control Rights (author). Moreover, he was named the “leading young and middle-aged jurist” by Beijing Law Society in 1999. In addition, Prof. Gan is the deputy-president of the Securities Law Association, a member of the Standing Committee of the Economic Law Association under China Law Society. He also serves as the consultant of the Legislative Affairs Commission of the NPC Standing Committee and Beijing Municipal People’s Congress, as well as the Haidian District Court of Beijing.     

中国法治进程中的法律史学（1978—2008）

在1978—2008年的30年中国法治进程中,法律史学发挥了重要作用。它从此前的薄弱基础出发,借改革开放之春风,观照历史服务现实,成为中国法治30年进程初期的显学,为法制建设提供了及时的思想资源与理论支持;随后,它鉴往观今,深入总结历史经验,继续助推法治进程。同时,它传承学术、推陈出新,提升品质、深化研究,使法律史学科得以迅速发展。展望未来,我们有理由相信,经过30年的努力和累积,中国的法律史学将有更加辉煌的前景。     

《郑氏规范》中的孝义思想及其影响

被朱元璋赐以"江南第一家"美称并在此后屡受旌表的浦江郑氏家族,因其孝义治家的大家庭模式和传世家训《郑氏规范》,奠定了它在中国传统家训教化史上的重要地位。《郑氏规范》中关于孝义方面的思想,对中国封建社会后期的稳定和儒家伦理、文化的世俗化,都产生了深远的影响。     

完善人民监督员制度的思考

人民监督员制度在运行中暴露出一些问题,人民监督员制度法律依据不足,人民监督员选任程序存在瑕疵,案件监督的范围有待调整就是典型例子。针对这些问题,应该推动人民监督员制度立法化,继续优化选任程序,重新调整案件监督范围。     

论我国刑法修正案（七）中的网络犯罪立法

目前网络犯罪集中发生于经济领域并呈现出网络化的特征,原有网络犯罪相关刑法规定不能满足有效遏制犯罪的需要,2009年通过的刑法修正案（七）增设了非法获取计算机数据罪,非法控制计算机信息系统罪和为非法侵入、控制计算机信息系统提供程序、工具罪,对我国网络犯罪立法体系有着重要的补充完善作用,但仍然存在明显的不足,需要进一步完善。     

干部教育培训中对学员需求的尊重、服务与引导

在干部教育培训中尊重、服务、引导学员需求,是深入贯彻落实科学发展观和以人为本原则的根本要求。对西方公务员培训理论和做法,要注意结合国内干部培训实际,认清规范与转化的双重任务。由于目前学员需求在表达、汇总、分析上的历时性,要进一步明确和把握学员需求表达在场合、渠道和形式上的多样化特点,坚持动态把握、整体响应、差异服务、精细操作等原则,建立进校前的学员需求分析制度、在校时的学员历时性需求汇总反馈制度、离校后的学员需求跟踪制度。对学员需求,一方面要切实尊重、有效服务,另一方面要辩证分析、积极引导,使其统一于"以人为本,按需施教"的培训全过程。     

我国妇女参政议政的历史变迁刍议

妇女解放是人类社会进步的重要尺度,而妇女参政议政则是妇女解放的高级形式。改革开放给妇女参政议政提供机遇和挑战的同时也为妇女参政议政开创了崭新局面,取得了令人瞩目的成就。新时期科学发展观的提出,进一步强调了妇女参政议政的时代诉求,我们必须按照科学发展观的要求进一步提升妇女参政议政的水平,让妇女真正起到"半边天"的作用。