推进村级党组织活动方式创新的思考

村级党组织是党在农村的全部工作和战斗力的基础之一,如何通过创新活动方式来加强自身建设,是关系到能否顺利推进农村改革发展、实现全面建设小康社会宏伟目标的重大问题。农村新的形势和任务迫切需要村级党组织加强活动方式创新。针对当前村级党组织活动方式创新存在的问题,必须在人的方面以及选择内容、提高实效、建立长效机制方面下功夫加以解决。     

几种墨水材料的检验

墨水是书写文字的常用材料,其种类很多。根据化学成分及用途的不同,可分为蓝黑墨水、染料墨水、碳素墨水及其他墨水。在侦查工作中时有遇到用该种书写材料涂抹掩盖等情况,故此,墨水材料的检验鉴定,在侦破此类案件中起着十分重要的作用。     

Normative Principles of China’s Political-Legal System

As a system that is symbolic of contemporary China, the politicallegal system refers to the governance structure that under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), law-enforcement and judicial agencies and various governance subjects jointly promote a peaceful China initiative and build a China under the rule of law. The historical evolution from the classical rites-law tradition to the modern politicallegal system reflects the consistent political focus and ideological exploration of China’s politicians and thinkers about the national rise and fall. The basic structure of the political-legal system can be divided into three principal groups of relationships, namely, the relationships between various law-enforcement and judicial agencies, the relationships between law-enforcement and judicial agencies and external bodies, and the relationships between the CPC and law-enforcement and judicial agencies. The normative principles concerning these three principal groups of relationships constitute the basic rules for the institutional design and practical operation of the political-legal system. The normative principles of the first group of relationships relate to self-integration, division of responsibilities, mutual cooperation and mutual restraint. The normative principles of the second group of relationships involve prioritizing social autonomy, primary-level governance and front-end governance. The normative principles of the third group of relationships are concerned with macro-leadership, centralized leadership and leadership under the rule of law. The analysis of these three sets of normative principles shows that China’s political-legal system not only follows the universal law and common mechanism of modern national governance, but also accumulates the local experience and unique wisdom of China’s governance.     

当前全球治理与中国全球治理话语权提升

当前世界秩序正在发生深刻复杂变化,全球治理体系也深受影响,大国围绕全球治理话语权的竞争日益激烈,全球治理面临治理困境甚至治理失败。全球治理话语权既体现为参与治理的权利,也体现为贯穿治理过程的权力,具体化为治理主题、治理议程、治理平台、治理制度和治理人才等多个方面,反映治理理念之争、话语之争与制度之争。2008年世界金融危机后,尤其是中共十八大以来,中国高度重视、积极参与和引领全球治理,努力创建新机制和新规则,推动现有国际制度改革,提出中国倡议和方案,分享中国治理理念,参与全球治理人才竞争。未来中国需继续加强外交能力,提升全球治理话语权,挖掘和凝练全球治理理念,完善全球治理话语体系,加强全球治理制度能力建设,提高制度性话语权,培育和动员社会力量,做好治理人才培养和储备,以真正成为全球治理强国。     

Alcohol and Parasomnias: The Statistical Evaluation of the Parasomnia Defense in Sexual Assault,Where Alcohol is Involved

Sleep sex may be a defense for alleged sexual assault. The International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD3) states: “Disorders of arousal should not be diagnosed in the presence of alcohol intoxication… The former [alcohol blackouts] are exponentially more prevalent.” A panel member of ICSD3, quoting ICSD3 asserts: “alcohol intoxication should rule out a sleep-walking defense”. This implies extremely strong support for a prosecution hypothesis (H_p) over a defense hypothesis (H_d). I use Bayesian methodology to evaluate the evidential probity of alcohol intoxication. The likelihood ratio, LR, measures the amplification of prior odds of guilt, . By Bayes' theorem, . I use data from cross-sectional studies of sexual assault and prevalence of alcohol use, in college students, with data from longitudinal studies, and data from the epidemiology of parasomnias to evaluate LR (alcohol). LR ~1.5 or 5, depending whether alcohol does, or does not, increase the risk of parasomnias. The proposition of extremely strong support for H_p implies a LR ~1,000,000, so the proposition in ICSD3 is not supported by formal analysis. The statistical reasoning in ICSD3 is unclear. There appears to be inversion of the Bayesian conditional (confusing intoxication given assault, and assault given intoxication) and failure to evaluate alcohol intoxication in H_d. Similar statistical errors in R. v Sally Clark are discussed. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine should review the statistical methodology in ICSD3.     

民族贫困地区留守妇女“社会工作+”关爱服务体系构建——基于G省S县的调研

民族贫困地区留守妇女面临经济、情感、文化等多维贫困现状,其关爱服务体系构建是脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴的重要任务,通过参与式观察与个案访谈,在S县调研发现当地留守妇女关爱服务体系构建面临一定的挑战。在此基础上探讨传统社会工作视域的拓展,将“社会工作+”与关爱服务体系在内涵与实践路径上进行“互嵌”,从理论、主体、资金、内容四个方面探讨民族贫困地区留守妇女“社会工作+”关爱服务体系的构建。     

写字机器人伪造签名字迹的鉴别

目的通过实验研究使用写字机器人伪造的签名字迹特征,减小文件检验鉴定中的错判风险。方法以真实书写字迹为模板、使用市面上主流款式的写字机器人执不同种类书写笔进行书写,通过直接观察、显微观察、反射变换成像(RTI)方法观察等方式比对手写字迹和机器人书写字迹的差异,归纳写字机器人伪造字迹的主要特征,总结出有效的检验鉴别方法。结果通过研究发现写字机器人伪造签名笔迹的特点主要有起收笔为顿压笔,笔画出现细微的抖动歪曲现象,整体笔画笔压均匀,运笔生硬无笔势等。结论目前写字机器人伪造签名字迹与真实手写字迹还有一定差异,使用反射变换成像(RTI)方法观察能达到较好的检验效果。     

习近平国际公平正义观的理论内涵与实践路径

面对当今国际社会多边主义和单边主义、公道和霸道之争,中国国家主席习近平统筹国内国际两个大局,统合国内社会与国际社会公平正义,创新发展马克思主义的公平正义观、中华优秀传统文化的公平正义思想、中国百年外交实践的公平正义观,提出以世界人民为主体的习近平国际公平正义观,积极倡导国际社会推动权利平等、机会平等、国际规则平等,争取全球治理体系更加符合国际形势的变化需要,更加满足应对后疫情时代全球挑战的现实需要,更加顺应和平发展合作共赢的历史趋势,为增进各国政治互信、促进共同发展、引领全球治理、维护世界和平提供了中国智慧和中国方案。     

应急管理的全过程均衡:一个新议题

如何实现全过程均衡是当前中国应急管理实践亟待解决的新问题。以《突发事件应对法》为参照的实践回顾显示:中国应急管理的全过程机制存在的主要问题是不均衡,具体有五大表现:一是忽视风险预防与减缓;二是削弱监测的动态性、持续性与跨阶段特征;三是割裂预警与其他响应机制的衔接关系;四是低估社交媒体条件下的舆情回应;五是缺乏有效的学习机制。既有的理论研究虽然厘清了应急管理全过程机制的构成与运行,但均未特别强调全过程的均衡。面向中国实践,兼顾理论知识的积累与沉淀,中国应急管理的全过程均衡可同时强调准备、预防、减缓、响应、恢复、学习6项分阶段机制和监测1项跨阶段机制。这一"6+1"理论框架可为公共卫生应急管理体系"补短板"、应急管理"促整合"和应急管理体系和能力现代化"强基础"提供一种共同的知识基础。     

How parties led by a woman redefine their positions: Empirical evidence for women's green,alternative and libertarian agenda

This article investigates how the sex of party heads impacts party positions and uncovers that parties led by a woman modify their stances on sociocultural but not economic debates. I argue that this pattern is a consequence of dissimilar gender gaps in policy preferences across the two ideological dimensions at the elite level. The empirical evidence, based on data for 19 developed democracies around the world between 1995 and 2018, reveals that parties led by a woman tend to emphasise green, alternative and libertarian issues. In particular, anti-growth, environmental protection and freedom and human rights become more prominent elements of party manifestos under women's leadership. Overall, these findings stress the importance of critical actors and the conditions under which the presence of women in political offices translates into responsiveness towards female citizens.