On the concept of the “economic constitution” and the importance of Franz Böhm from the viewpoint of legal history

During its development, the concept of an economic constitution embraced varying elements. At the birth of the Federal Republic, these elements stood in sharp contrast to each other. After World War I Hugo Sinzheimer associated the concept with theGemeinwirtschaft (publicly controlled economy) as an expression of the organized economy of the Weimar Reichsverfassung. Franz Böhm deserves recognition for having cast the idea of competition into legal forms; thus he laid the foundation of our economic order and opened new horizons for the concept of economic constitution.     

Network neutrality: Issues for Australia

The beginning of the 21st century saw the beginning of substantial debate on “open access” to the Internet and the related concept of “network neutrality”. This paper is a short introduction to some of the complexities of the debate, focussing on the difficulties of attempting to regulate rapidly developing technologies, as well as particular issues of price and market regulation in Australia. Generally, network neutrality advocates believe that without regulation, telecommunications companies will use their control over “last mile” infrastructure to engage in discriminatory and anti-competitive practices against content providers. Opponents argue that this concern is illusory, and regulatory restrictions requiring neutrality will in their turn restrict innovation by network providers. In Australia, most discussion has focussed on price and market regulation. However, many Australian opponents of network neutrality say that it is an American problem, irrelevant to Australia, because of different pricing models for the Australian broadband market.     

经济全球化与发展中国家的金融安全

经济全球化加速了世界经济的发展和繁荣,并将继续影响21世纪世界经济和政治格局。在经济全球化进程中,发达国家由于在资金、技术和经济管理等方面占据绝对的优势地位,已成为经济全球化最早的和最主要的推动者,也是最大的受益者。而对发展中国家而言,经济全球化则是一把＂双刃剑＂,它既给发展中国家带来了千载难逢的机遇,也为其带来了严峻的挑战和困扰。本文从经济全球化产生的根源和特征出发,分析了经济全球化对世界经济特别是对发展中国家的影响。在此基础上,提出了我国融入经济全球化大潮的设想。     

中国经济体制转型与《商标法》的第三次修改

我国《商标法》的第三次修改工作已全面展开。这次修改以中国经济从高度集中的计划经济体制向社会主义市场经济体制的转型为时代大背景,因此,我们应站在战略全局的高度,大刀阔斧、锐意改革。具体而言,应当涤除计划经济的理念和制度,删除《商标法》中"加强商标管理"的立法宗旨,将《商标法》调整对象从"注册商标法律关系"回归到"商标法律关系",重构《商标法》中的商标利益平衡机制,从而推动我国《商标法》的现代化进程。     

“Opt in” and “opt out” mechanisms in the internet era – towards a common theory

In order to provide for adequate legal protection mainly in mass-transactions on the internet, both the legislature and private parties increasingly, resort to so-called “opt in” and “opt out” mechanisms. Whether or not an “opt in” or an “opt out” mechanism is used is often decided on a case-by-case basis. The same is true regarding the circumstances under which private parties are or should be allowed to resort to “opt out” mechanisms, and if so, what restrictions should safeguard the free will of the addressees of such mechanisms. This paper argues that the existing “opt in” and “opt out” schemes should not be regarded and discussed as isolated phenomena. Rather, they should be analyzed from the viewpoint of a common underlying legal theory which builds on the common character of the underlying regulatory structure of all “opt in” and “opt out” schemes. This requires a complex matrix which comprises not only the opposites of “in” and “out”, but also of “active” and “inactive”, of “preference” and “non-preference” for the respective default rules, as well as of “ex ante” and “ex post” enforcement of the law. It also involves normative, economic, psychological and, last but not least, technical issues.     

浅析网络舆论与司法审判的关系

网络舆论作为司法审判的一种重要监督手段,在很大程度上对司法审判起着重要的促进作用,与此同时,网络舆论也因其各方面的特点表现出对司法审判强大的攻击力和影响力,甚至形成舆论审判,并有愈演愈烈之势。面对如此严峻的司法困境,从网络舆论的几个方面进行研究,侧重分析其与司法审判的内在机理。力争通过对网络舆论的聆听,把握二者本质规律,进一步思考能够促进司法审判的各方面因素,力求实现二者的良性协调。     

我国网络监察工作现状及发展探析

近年来,随着互联网技术的不断发展,人们依赖互联网的程度不断加深,互联网安全也越来越受到人们的重视。现阶段,网络犯罪案件调查和网络监察工作由公安机关公共信息和网络监察部门来负责,但由于我国网络监察工作起步较晚,立法不健全等原因,造成了许多网络违法犯罪案件无法立案或立案后打击力度不够等问题出现。笔者通过我国互联网发展现状及网络违法犯罪出现的形式入手,阐述了网络监察工作任务,揭示出现阶段网络监察工作存在的问题,提出了网监工作今后发展趋势。     

The Constitutional and Political Economy of Trade Protection

This essay reviews Trade Protection in the United States (Aldershot, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd., 1995) by Charles K. Rowley, Willem Thorbecke and Richard E. Wagner. The book stimulates a radical rethinking of trade policy, with results that are applicable well beyond the political framework of the United States. The authors—all advocates of the Virginia public choice school of thought—provide a lucid explanation of the formation of trade policy and systematically explain the many paradoxes of endogenous policymaking. They assess the main players in the process of trade policy formation and rigorously explain the dynamic interaction of the various political organs involved. The authors conclude that unilateral free trade cannot be achieved through the ordinary legislative process, and make a compelling case for Constitutional reform. Given the fragility of free trade equilibria and the inadequacy of bilateral and multilateral trade treaties for a stable free trade environment, the right to trade should be constitutionally guaranteed as an individual right. Considering the relevance of the authors' conclusions in this phase of consolidation of European trade policymaking, this essay examines the proposed unilateral free trade amendment, addresses the game theoretic implications, in light of viable alternatives.     

经济全球化与反垄断立法

随着经济全球化的发展,基于国内因素的考虑而制定的反垄断法不可避免地遇到了各种问题,美国和欧盟等都开始对传统反垄断法进行调整。经济全球化也促进了反垄断国际规范的发展。中国在经济全球化的背景下应该及时制定反垄断法或反限制竞争法;并且在制度安排上应注意:坚持垄断中性的认识,充分体现合理规则,中国反垄断法应以规制限制竞争行为为中心,充分考虑国际市场因素,合理安排责任制度,有克制地赋予域外效力。     

评新自由主义市场经济理论及其实践效率——兼论我国应坚持的几个正确选择

西方新自由主义市场经济理论,对发达资本主义国家来说,不是一种理想的市场经济理论,对落后国家和转型国家来说,不仅不是福音,而且是个陷阱.因此,在我国改革开放过程中,必须高度警惕和抵制国内外新自由主义的消极影响和干扰,毫不动摇地坚持走社会主义市场经济的道路.